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Biology 2 > Protein synthesis > Flashcards

Protein synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

How is the nucleus involved in synthesising proteins?

A

DNA is transcripted to mRNA and it leaves through the nuclear envelope.

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2
Q

How is the rough ER involved in synthesising proteins?

A

Proteins are made on the ribosomes in the rER which are moved from the rER where it turns into a 3D shape on the way.

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3
Q

How is the does the protein move from the rER to the Golgi apparatus?

A

A vesicle is pinched off the rER and moves to the Golgi

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4
Q

How is the Golgi apparatus involved in synthesising proteins?

A

The Golgi modifies the proteins by folding it or adding carbohydrates or lipids

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5
Q

How is the does the protein move from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane?

A

Part of the Golgi is pinched off into a vesicle and goes to the plasma membrane

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6
Q

How is the plasma membrane involved in synthesising proteins?

A

The vesicle fuse with the plasma membrane to release the proteins by exocytosis

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7
Q

What is DNA?

A

The macro molecule that contains genetic information and is used to code for proteins

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8
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Structures of coiled and condensed DNA

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9
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA that contains the complete sequence of bases to code for a protein

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10
Q

What is a codon?

A

A three-base sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for an amino acid

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11
Q

What is an anticodon?

A

A sequence of nucleotides that are complementary to the codon

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12
Q

What is translation?

A

The process in which the complementary code carried by the mRNA is translated by the tRNA into amino acids

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13
Q

What is transcription?

A

The process in which mRNA is made from a DNA template

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14
Q

What is mRNA?

A

A short strand of RNA produced from transcription from the sense strand. It has uracil instead of thymine

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15
Q

What is tRNA?

A

Molecules that act as temporary carriers of amino acids bringing the correct amino acid to the correct part of RNA based on the mRNA

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16
Q

What is rRNA?

A

It is a non-coding RNA and is the primary component of ribosomes

17
Q

What is antisense/template strand?

A

The strand that runs from 3’ to 5’ and is complementary to the sense strand

18
Q

What is sense/leading strand?

A

The strand that runs from 5’ to 3’ and is complementary to the anti-sense strand

19
Q

What is RNA polymerase?

A

Enzyme needed to make the RNA nucleotides join together

20
Q

What is degenerate?

A

Meaning that each amino acid is coded for by more than one triplet

21
Q

What is universal?

A

Every single thing uses the same genetic code to make the same amino acids

22
Q

What is non-overlapping?

A

RNA from one codon won’t be used in the next codon

Biology 2 (31 decks)

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