Epithelial Tissue Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
Epithelial tissue cells
A
Aggregated polyhedral cells
Small amount of extracellular matrix
2
Q
Connective tissue cells
A
Several types of fixed and wandering cells
Abundant amount of extracellular matrix
3
Q
Muscle tissue cells
A
Elongated contractile cells
Moderate amount of extracellular matrix
4
Q
Nervous tissue cells
A
Elongated cells with extremely fine processes
Very small amount of extracellular matrix
5
Q
Epithelial tissue function
A
Lining of surface or body cavities; glandular secretion
6
Q
Connective tissue function
A
Support and protection of tissues/organs
7
Q
Muscle tissue function
A
Strong contraction; body movements
8
Q
Nervous tissue function
A
Transmission of nerve impulses
9
Q
General Function of Cytoskeleton
A
Structural: Structural support to cell; stabilizes junctions between cells
Movement: Assists in cytosol streaming and cell motility
10
Q
Tight Junction
A
Cytoskeletal components: Actin filaments encircling the entire cell
Functions: Seals adjacent cells to one another, controlling passage of molecules between them; separates apical and basolateral membrane domains
(6-pack rings)
11
Q
Adherent Junction
A
Cytoskeletal components: Actin filaments located right beneath tight junction
Functions: Provides points linking the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells; strengthens and stabilizes nearby tight junctions
(6-pack rings)
12
Q
Desmosome
A
Cytoskeletal components: Intermediate filaments
Functions: Provides points of strong intermediate filament coupling between adjacent cells, strengthening their tissue
(Spot weld)
13
Q
Hemidesmosome
A
Cytoskeletal components: Intermediate filaments
Functions: Anchors cytoskeleton to the basal lamina (basement membrane)
(Spot weld)
14
Q
Gap Junction
A
Cytoskeletal components: None
Functions: Allows direct transfer of small molecules and ions from one cell to another as a way to communicate
15
Q
Simple Squamous
A
Function: Facilitates the movement of the viscera (mesothelium), active transport by pinocytosis, secretion of biologically active molecules
Examples: Lining of vessels (endothelium); Serous lining of cavities: pericardium, pleura, peritoneum (mesothelium)
16
Q
Simple Cuboidal
A
Function: Covering and secretion
Example: Covering the ovary, thyroid
17
Q
Simple Columnar
A
Function: Protection, lubrication, absorption, secretion
Example: Lining of intestine, gallbladder
18
Q
Stratified Squamous keratinized (dry)
A
Function: Protection; prevents water loss
Example: Epidermis
19
Q
Stratified Squamous nonkeratinized (moist)
A
Function: Protection; secretion; prevents water loss
Example: Mouth, esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal
20
Q
Stratified Cuboidal
A
Function: Protection; secretion
Example: Sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles
21
Q
Stratified Transitional
A
Function: Protection, distensibility (the capacity to swell as a result of pressure from inside)
Example: Bladder, uterus, renal calyces
22
Q
Stratified Columnar
A
Function: Protection
Example: Conjunctiva
23
Q
Pseudostratified
A
Function: Protection, secretion; cilia-mediated transport of particles trapped in mucus out of the air passages
Examples: Lining of trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity
24
Q
Goblet cells
A
unicellular glands that are simply scattered secretory cells.
25
Simple Glands
Exocrine glands with ducts that do not branch
Simple Tubular, Branched Tubular, Coiled Tubular, Acinar (or Alveolar), Branched Acinar
26
Compound Glands
Exocrine glands with ducts from several secretory units that converge into larger ducts
Tubular, Acinar, Tubuloacinar
27
Simple Tubular
A class of simple exocrine glands with elongated secretory portion; duct usually short or absent
Examples: Mucous glands of colon, intestinal glands or crypts
28
Branched Tubular
A class of simple exocrine glands with several long secretory parts joining to drain into one duct.
29
Coiled Tubular
A class of simple exocrine glands where the secretory portion is very long and coiled
Example: Sweat glands
30
Acinar or Alveolar (Simple)
A class of simple exocrine glands that have a rounded, saclike secretory portion
31
Branched Acinar
A class of simple exocrine glands with multiple saclike secretory parts entering the same duct
Example: Sebaceous glands of the skin
32
Tubular
A class of compound exocrine glands with several elongated coiled secretory units and their ducts converge to form larger ducts
33
Acinar or Alveolar (Compound)
A class of compound exocrine glands that have several saclike secretory units with small ducts converging at a larger duct
Example: Exocrine pancreas
34
Tubuloacinar
A class of compound exocrine glands that have ducts of both tubular and acinar secretory units that converge at larger ducts
Example: Salivary glands
35
Mechanisms of exocrine gland secretion
Merocrine, Holocrine, and Apocrine
36
Holocrine glands
Exocrine glands where cells disintegrate and the contents become secretion; involves cell disruption; involved in common form of acne
Example: Sebaceous gland of hair follicle
37
Apocrine glands
Exocrine glands where the apical portion of secretory cell is pinched off and secreted
Example: Mammary gland
38
Merocrine glands
Most common exocrine glands secretion where secretory vessels release contents by exocytosis; exocrine glands with merocrine secretion are either serous or mucous according to their secretory products, which give distinct staining to the cells.
Example: Salivary glands
39
Serous cells
synthesize proteins such as digestive enzymes, that are not glycosylated proteins
Filled apically with secretory granules
Well-developed RER and Golgi complexes.
40
Mucous cells (e.g., goblet cells)
Glycosylated proteins\* (=glycoproteins) called
mucins.
Well-developed RER and Golgi complexes.
Lots of secretory granules
41
Absorption
the process of transport from an organ or duct’s lumen to capillaries near the epithelial basement membrane.
42
Secretion
Involves transport in the other direction from the
capillaries into a lumen, as in many glands. Secretion by epithelial cells removes water from the neighboring interstitial fluid or plasma and releases it as part of the specialized aqueous fluids in such organs.
43
What causes acne?
Excessive secretion of the sebaceous glands.
44
Serous and mucous glands have which type(s) of product secretion?
Both are merocrine.
45
What separates the sheet of epithelial cells from other tissues?
Basement membrane
46
Serous glands produce mostly
Non-glycosylated proteins
47
Which type of secretion do sebaceous glands have?
Holocrine
48
Loss of the microvilli of absorptive cells in the small intestine may be caused by
Gluten-sensitive enteropathy
49
What are two changes in respiratory tract cells associated with chronic bronchitis?
Increase in number of goblet cells and conversion of ciliated pseudostratified epithelium into stratified squamous epithelium
50
Given the structure of a cilium, you would not expect to find cilia on which of these types of epithelial tissue?
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
51
Stereocilia
Stereocilia are less common on tissues than cilia are, they are not actively motile, and they are longer than microvilli.
Move cells and fluids along a tube
52
A major difference between exocrine and endocrine glands is that
Exocrine glands have ducts and endocrine glands do not.
53
Endothelium is a type of epithelial tissue that lines the inner surface of blood vessels, and regulates passage of substances into the tissue below. Endothelium is composed of cells with what type of arrangement and shape?
Simple squamous
54
Which type of molecule are epithelial cell junctions made of?
Proteins
55
In some types of food poisoning, the toxin secreted by Clostridium perfringens binds proteins associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and causes loss of tissue fluid into the intestinal lumen.
Tight junctions
56
Mucus is formed by hydrated mucins, which in turn are glycosylated proteins. What is glycosylation?
The process of adding a polysaccharide to another molecule such as a protein or lipid.
57
Which of these is a diagnostic or necessary characteristic of simple epithelium?
It is composed of a single cell layer.
58
The simple and compound gland types are distinguished according to what criterion?
Whether or not the ducts branch
59
Features of urothelium
It is distensible, it has a layer of umbrella cells, it lines much of the urinary tract
60
Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found?
Excretory ducts of salivary and sweat glands.
61
# Reversed prompt
Aggregated polyhedral cells
Small amount of extracellular matrix
Epithelial tissue cells
62
# Reversed prompt
Several types of fixed and wandering cells
Abundant amount of extracellular matrix
Connective tissue cells
63
# Reversed prompt
Elongated contractile cells
Moderate amount of extracellular matrix
Muscle tissue cells
64
# Reversed prompt
Elongated cells with extremely fine processes
Very small amount of extracellular matrix
Nervous tissue cells
65
# Reversed prompt
Lining of surface or body cavities; glandular secretion
Epithelial tissue function
66
# Reversed prompt
Support and protection of tissues/organs
Connective tissue function
67
# Reversed prompt
Strong contraction; body movements
Muscle tissue function
68
# Reversed prompt
Transmission of nerve impulses
Nervous tissue function
69
# Reversed prompt
Structural: Structural support to cell; stabilizes junctions between cells
Movement: Assists in cytosol streaming and cell motility
General Function of Cytoskeleton
70
# Reversed prompt
Cytoskeletal components: Actin filaments encircling the entire cell
Functions: Seals adjacent cells to one another, controlling passage of molecules between them; separates apical and basolateral membrane domains
(6-pack rings)
Tight Junction
71
# Reversed prompt
Cytoskeletal components: Actin filaments located right beneath tight junction
Functions: Provides points linking the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells; strengthens and stabilizes nearby tight junctions
(6-pack rings)
Adherent Junction
72
# Reversed prompt
Cytoskeletal components: Intermediate filaments
Functions: Provides points of strong intermediate filament coupling between adjacent cells, strengthening their tissue
(Spot weld)
Desmosome
73
# Reversed prompt
Cytoskeletal components: Intermediate filaments
Functions: Anchors cytoskeleton to the basal lamina (basement membrane)
(Spot weld)
Hemidesmosome
74
# Reversed prompt
Cytoskeletal components: None
Functions: Allows direct transfer of small molecules and ions from one cell to another as a way to communicate
Gap Junction
75
# Reversed prompt
Function: Facilitates the movement of the viscera (mesothelium), active transport by pinocytosis, secretion of biologically active molecules
Examples: Lining of vessels (endothelium); Serous lining of cavities: pericardium, pleura, peritoneum (mesothelium)
Simple Squamous
76
# Reversed prompt
Function: Covering and secretion
Example: Covering the ovary, thyroid
Simple Cuboidal
77
# Reversed prompt
Function: Protection, lubrication, absorption, secretion
Example: Lining of intestine, gallbladder
Simple Columnar
78
# Reversed prompt
Function: Protection; prevents water loss
Example: Epidermis
Stratified Squamous keratinized (dry)
79
# Reversed prompt
Function: Protection; secretion; prevents water loss
Example: Mouth, esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal
Stratified Squamous nonkeratinized (moist)
80
# Reversed prompt
Function: Protection; secretion
Example: Sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles
Stratified Cuboidal
81
# Reversed prompt
Function: Protection, distensibility (the capacity to swell as a result of pressure from inside)
Example: Bladder, uterus, renal calyces
Stratified Transitional
82
# Reversed prompt
Function: Protection
Example: Conjunctiva
Stratified Columnar
83
# Reversed prompt
Function: Protection, secretion; cilia-mediated transport of particles trapped in mucus out of the air passages
Examples: Lining of trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity
Pseudostratified
84
# Reversed prompt
unicellular glands that are simply scattered secretory cells.
Goblet cells
85
# Reversed prompt
Exocrine glands with ducts that do not branch
Simple Tubular, Branched Tubular, Coiled Tubular, Acinar (or Alveolar), Branched Acinar
Simple Glands
86
# Reversed prompt
Exocrine glands with ducts from several secretory units that converge into larger ducts
Tubular, Acinar, Tubuloacinar
Compound Glands
87
# Reversed prompt
A class of simple exocrine glands with elongated secretory portion; duct usually short or absent
Examples: Mucous glands of colon, intestinal glands or crypts
Simple Tubular
88
# Reversed prompt
A class of simple exocrine glands with several long secretory parts joining to drain into one duct.
Branched Tubular
89
# Reversed prompt
A class of simple exocrine glands where the secretory portion is very long and coiled
Example: Sweat glands
Coiled Tubular
90
# Reversed prompt
A class of simple exocrine glands that have a rounded, saclike secretory portion
Acinar or Alveolar (Simple)
91
# Reversed prompt
A class of simple exocrine glands with multiple saclike secretory parts entering the same duct
Example: Sebaceous glands of the skin
Branched Acinar
92
# Reversed prompt
A class of compound exocrine glands with several elongated coiled secretory units and their ducts converge to form larger ducts
Tubular
93
# Reversed prompt
A class of compound exocrine glands that have several saclike secretory units with small ducts converging at a larger duct
Example: Exocrine pancreas
Acinar or Alveolar (Compound)
94
# Reversed prompt
A class of compound exocrine glands that have ducts of both tubular and acinar secretory units that converge at larger ducts
Example: Salivary glands
Tubuloacinar
95
# Reversed prompt
Merocrine, Holocrine, and Apocrine
Mechanisms of exocrine gland secretion
96
# Reversed prompt
Exocrine glands where cells disintegrate and the contents become secretion; involves cell disruption; involved in common form of acne
Example: Sebaceous gland of hair follicle
Holocrine glands
97
# Reversed prompt
Exocrine glands where the apical portion of secretory cell is pinched off and secreted
Example: Mammary gland
Apocrine glands
98
# Reversed prompt
Most common exocrine glands secretion where secretory vessels release contents by exocytosis; exocrine glands with merocrine secretion are either serous or mucous according to their secretory products, which give distinct staining to the cells.
Example: Salivary glands
Merocrine glands
99
# Reversed prompt
synthesize proteins such as digestive enzymes, that are not glycosylated proteins
Filled apically with secretory granules
Well-developed RER and Golgi complexes.
Serous cells
100
# Reversed prompt
Glycosylated proteins\* (=glycoproteins) called
mucins.
Well-developed RER and Golgi complexes.
Lots of secretory granules
Mucous cells (e.g., goblet cells)
101
# Reversed prompt
the process of transport from an organ or duct’s lumen to capillaries near the epithelial basement membrane.
Absorption
102
# Reversed prompt
Involves transport in the other direction from the
capillaries into a lumen, as in many glands. Secretion by epithelial cells removes water from the neighboring interstitial fluid or plasma and releases it as part of the specialized aqueous fluids in such organs.
Secretion
103
# Reversed prompt
Stereocilia are less common on tissues than cilia are, they are not actively motile, and they are longer than microvilli.
Move cells and fluids along a tube
Stereocilia
104
# Reversed prompt
It is distensible, it has a layer of umbrella cells, it lines much of the urinary tract
Features of urothelium
