Male Reproductive System

Question 1

Wollfian duct

Answer 1

Will form the vas deferens in males

Question 2

Mullerian duct

Answer 2

Will form the oviduct/uterus in females

Question 3

Male reproductive system consists of ______

Answer 3

testes, genital ducts, accessory glands, and penis

Question 4

Testes

Answer 4

Have different cell types that (1) produce sperm and (2) secrete hormones
such as testosterone, which drives male reproductive physiology.

Question 5

Cryptorchidism

Answer 5

The failure of one or both
testes to descend from the abdomen

Question 6

Tunica albuginea

Answer 6

A dense connective tissue capsule that surrounds each testis

Question 7

Testicular lobules

Answer 7

The testis is subdivided into about 250 compartments or testicular lobules. Each contains:

1-4 highly convoluted seminiferous tubules in which sperm production occurs.

Connective tissue, in the space between the tubules, with endocrine interstitial
cells (Leydig cells) secreting testosterone.

Question 8

Seminiferous tubules

Answer 8

Produce sperm by spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis.

Each tubule is a loop linked by a short segment, the straight tubule, to the
rete testis, a maze of epithelium-lined channels.

Each seminiferous tubule is lined with a stratified epithelium called germinal or spermatogenic epithelium

Question 9

“Germ cells” or spermatogenic cells

Answer 9

Develop into spermatozoa.

Question 10

Sertoli cells

Answer 10

Form the epithelial walls; these nourish developing sperm cells.

Question 11

Myoid cells

Answer 11

Contract the seminiferous tubules.

Question 12

Spermatogenesis

Answer 12

Germ cells undergo a series of changes,
including reduction of chromosomes from 46 (diploid) to 23 (haploid), up to the spermatid stage.

Involves mitosis and meiosis.

Question 13

Spermiogenesis

Answer 13

Spermatids transform to spermatozoa.

Follows spermatogenesis; it is the final differentiation
process.

Question 14

Interstitial cells (Leydig cells)

Answer 14

Interstitial tissue between the tubules is sparse connective tissue containing interstitial cells (Leydig cells), which
produce testosterone.

Question 15

Sertoli cells functions

Answer 15

Support, protection, and nutrition of the developing spermatogenic cells

Exocrine and endocrine secretion

Phagocytosis

Question 16

Blood-testis barrier

Answer 16

Tight occluding junctions between the basolateral membranes of Sertoli cells form a blood-testis barrier. This prevents autoimmune
attacks against the unique spermatogenic cells, which appear after the immune system is mature and central self-tolerance is established.

Question 17

Spermatogenesis &
Spermiogenesis Process

Answer 17

Type A spermatogonia

Type B spermatogonia

1° spermatocytes

2° spermatocytes

Spermatids

Spermatozoa

Question 18

Testicular cancer

Answer 18

Most (95%) testicular cancer involves germ cell tumors, which only appear after puberty and are much more likely to develop in men
with untreated cryptorchidism.

Question 19

Straight tubules

Answer 19

Function: Convey sperm into the rete testis

The seminiferous tubules drain into short, much narrower straight tubules, which connect to the rete testis

Question 20

Rete testis

Answer 20

Function: Channels with sperm from all seminiferous tubules

A network of channels embedded along with blood vessels in the connective tissue of the mediastinum testis.

Question 21

Efferent ductule

Answer 21

Function: Absorb most fluid form seminiferous tubules; convey sperm into the epididymis

Question 22

Epididymal duct (Epididymis)

Answer 22

Function: Site for sperm maturation and short-term storage; expels sperm at ejaculation

Question 23

Ductus (vas) deferens

Answer 23

Function: Carries sperm by rapid peristalsis from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts

Question 24

Ejaculatory ducts

Answer 24

Function: Mix sperm and seminal fluid; deliver semen to urethra, where prostatic secretion is added

Question 25

Vasectomy

Answer 25

A very small incision is made through the scrotal skin near the two ducts and each vas deferens is exposed, cut, and the ends are cauterized and tied.

Question 26

Semen

Answer 26

The mixture of spermatozoa and the secretions of seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands

Question 27

Seminal Vesicles

Answer 27

Exocrine glands in which production of their yellowish secretion depends on testosterone. Seminal vesicle fluid typically makes up about 70% of the ejaculate. Its components include: Fructose, a major energy source for sperm Prostaglandins, which stimulate activity in the female reproductive tract Fibrinogen, which allows semen to coagulate after ejaculation.

Question 28

Prostate Gland

Answer 28

A collection of 30-50 tubuloacinar glands embedded smooth muscle which contracts at ejaculation. A contributor to the volume of seme

Question 29

Common prostate gland problems

Answer 29

Chronic prostatitis, usually involving bacteria. Nodular hyperplasia or benign prostatic hypertrophy, occurring mainly in the mucosal glands where it often leads to compression of the urethra and problems with urination. Prostate cancer (an adenocarcinoma), the most common cancer in nonsmoking men, occurring mainly in glands.

Question 30

Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper glands)

Answer 30

Each gland has tubuloacinar secretory units surrounded by smooth muscle cells and lined by a mucus-secreting epithelium. During erection, release a clear mucus-like secretion that coats and lubricates the urethra for the imminent passage of semen.

Question 31

Three erectile bodies

Answer 31

corpus spongiosum and two corpora cavernosa

Question 32

Penile erection

Answer 32

Parasympathetic stimulation: relaxes the smooth muscle and dilates the tiny arteries, this enlarges the corpora cavernosa and causes them to compress the dorsal veins against the tunica albuginea, which blocks the venous outflow and produces tumescence (swelling) and rigidity in the erectile tissue. Sympathetic stimulation: Beginning at ejaculation, constricts the tiny arteries and trabecular muscle, decreasing blood flow into the spaces, lowering the pressure there, and allowing the veins to drain most blood from the erectile tissue.

Question 33

Erectile dysfunction

Answer 33

At the beginning of an erection, acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerves causes the helicine arteries (tiny arteries) and erectile tissue to release a signaling molecule (cyclic GMP) that causes vasodilation. This molecule is degraded eventually by enzyme, relaxing the vasodilation. The drug sildenafil (Viagra) may alleviate the problem by inhibiting the enzyme that degrades cyclic GMP in the smooth muscle cells of the erectile tissue. This promotes relaxation of these cells to maintain an erection.

Question 34

What is the main effect of benign prostatic hypertrophy?

Answer 34

Difficulty with urination.

Question 35

What is the important function of the blood-testis barrier?

Answer 35

It prevents autoimmune attacks against the spermatogenic cells. These attacks occur because the innate immune system is established before spermatozoa begin to develop.

Question 36

Which mass of erectile tissue surrounds the penile urethra?

Answer 36

Corpus spongiosum

Question 37

The pathway of a spermatozoon from the seminiferous tubules to the urethra is:

Answer 37

Straight tubule, rete testis, efferent ductules, epididymis, vas deferens

Question 38

The dense connective tissue capsule that surrounds each testis is called the

Answer 38

Tunica albuginea

Question 39

Why is a male child with undescended testes likely to be come infertile?

Answer 39

The temperature within the body is too warm for sperm to develop properly.

Question 40

# Reversed prompt Will form the vas deferens in males

Answer 40

Wollfian duct

Question 41

# Reversed prompt Will form the oviduct/uterus in females

Answer 41

Mullerian duct

Question 42

# Reversed prompt testes, genital ducts, accessory glands, and penis

Answer 42

Male reproductive system consists of \_\_\_\_\_\_

Question 43

# Reversed prompt Have different cell types that (1) produce sperm and (2) secrete hormones such as testosterone, which drives male reproductive physiology.

Answer 43

Testes

Question 44

# Reversed prompt The failure of one or both testes to descend from the abdomen

Answer 44

Cryptorchidism

Question 45

# Reversed prompt A dense connective tissue capsule that surrounds each testis

Answer 45

Tunica albuginea

Question 46

# Reversed prompt The testis is subdivided into about 250 compartments or testicular lobules. Each contains: 1-4 highly convoluted seminiferous tubules in which sperm production occurs. Connective tissue, in the space between the tubules, with endocrine interstitial cells (Leydig cells) secreting testosterone.

Answer 46

Testicular lobules

Question 47

# Reversed prompt Produce sperm by spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. Each tubule is a loop linked by a short segment, the straight tubule, to the rete testis, a maze of epithelium-lined channels. Each seminiferous tubule is lined with a stratified epithelium called germinal or spermatogenic epithelium

Answer 47

Seminiferous tubules

Question 48

# Reversed prompt Develop into spermatozoa.

Answer 48

"Germ cells" or spermatogenic cells

Question 49

# Reversed prompt Form the epithelial walls; these nourish developing sperm cells.

Answer 49

Sertoli cells

Question 50

# Reversed prompt Contract the seminiferous tubules.

Answer 50

Myoid cells

Question 51

# Reversed prompt Germ cells undergo a series of changes, including reduction of chromosomes from 46 (diploid) to 23 (haploid), up to the spermatid stage. Involves mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 51

Spermatogenesis

Question 52

# Reversed prompt Spermatids transform to spermatozoa. Follows spermatogenesis; it is the final differentiation process.

Answer 52

Spermiogenesis

Question 53

# Reversed prompt Interstitial tissue between the tubules is sparse connective tissue containing interstitial cells (Leydig cells), which produce testosterone.

Answer 53

Interstitial cells (Leydig cells)

Question 54

# Reversed prompt Support, protection, and nutrition of the developing spermatogenic cells Exocrine and endocrine secretion Phagocytosis

Answer 54

Sertoli cells functions

Question 55

# Reversed prompt Tight occluding junctions between the basolateral membranes of Sertoli cells form a blood-testis barrier. This prevents autoimmune attacks against the unique spermatogenic cells, which appear after the immune system is mature and central self-tolerance is established.

Answer 55

Blood-testis barrier

Question 56

# Reversed prompt Type A spermatogonia Type B spermatogonia 1° spermatocytes 2° spermatocytes Spermatids Spermatozoa

Answer 56

Spermatogenesis & Spermiogenesis Process

Question 57

# Reversed prompt Most (95%) testicular cancer involves germ cell tumors, which only appear after puberty and are much more likely to develop in men with untreated cryptorchidism.

Answer 57

Testicular cancer

Question 58

# Reversed prompt Function: Convey sperm into the rete testis The seminiferous tubules drain into short, much narrower straight tubules, which connect to the rete testis

Answer 58

Straight tubules

Question 59

# Reversed prompt Function: Channels with sperm from all seminiferous tubules A network of channels embedded along with blood vessels in the connective tissue of the mediastinum testis.

Answer 59

Rete testis

Question 60

# Reversed prompt Function: Absorb most fluid form seminiferous tubules; convey sperm into the epididymis

Answer 60

Efferent ductule

Question 61

# Reversed prompt Function: Site for sperm maturation and short-term storage; expels sperm at ejaculation

Answer 61

Epididymal duct (Epididymis)

Question 62

# Reversed prompt Function: Carries sperm by rapid peristalsis from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts

Answer 62

Ductus (vas) deferens

Question 63

# Reversed prompt Function: Mix sperm and seminal fluid; deliver semen to urethra, where prostatic secretion is added

Answer 63

Ejaculatory ducts

Question 64

# Reversed prompt A very small incision is made through the scrotal skin near the two ducts and each vas deferens is exposed, cut, and the ends are cauterized and tied.

Answer 64

Vasectomy

Question 65

# Reversed prompt The mixture of spermatozoa and the secretions of seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands

Answer 65

Semen

Question 66

# Reversed prompt Exocrine glands in which production of their yellowish secretion depends on testosterone. Seminal vesicle fluid typically makes up about 70% of the ejaculate. Its components include: Fructose, a major energy source for sperm Prostaglandins, which stimulate activity in the female reproductive tract Fibrinogen, which allows semen to coagulate after ejaculation.

Answer 66

Seminal Vesicles

Question 67

# Reversed prompt A collection of 30-50 tubuloacinar glands embedded smooth muscle which contracts at ejaculation. A contributor to the volume of seme

Answer 67

Prostate Gland

Question 68

# Reversed prompt Chronic prostatitis, usually involving bacteria. Nodular hyperplasia or benign prostatic hypertrophy, occurring mainly in the mucosal glands where it often leads to compression of the urethra and problems with urination. Prostate cancer (an adenocarcinoma), the most common cancer in nonsmoking men, occurring mainly in glands.

Answer 68

Common prostate gland problems

Question 69

# Reversed prompt Each gland has tubuloacinar secretory units surrounded by smooth muscle cells and lined by a mucus-secreting epithelium. During erection, release a clear mucus-like secretion that coats and lubricates the urethra for the imminent passage of semen.

Answer 69

Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper glands)

Question 70

# Reversed prompt corpus spongiosum and two corpora cavernosa

Answer 70

Three erectile bodies

Question 71

# Reversed prompt Parasympathetic stimulation: relaxes the smooth muscle and dilates the tiny arteries, this enlarges the corpora cavernosa and causes them to compress the dorsal veins against the tunica albuginea, which blocks the venous outflow and produces tumescence (swelling) and rigidity in the erectile tissue. Sympathetic stimulation: Beginning at ejaculation, constricts the tiny arteries and trabecular muscle, decreasing blood flow into the spaces, lowering the pressure there, and allowing the veins to drain most blood from the erectile tissue.

Answer 71

Penile erection

Question 72

# Reversed prompt At the beginning of an erection, acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerves causes the helicine arteries (tiny arteries) and erectile tissue to release a signaling molecule (cyclic GMP) that causes vasodilation. This molecule is degraded eventually by enzyme, relaxing the vasodilation. The drug sildenafil (Viagra) may alleviate the problem by inhibiting the enzyme that degrades cyclic GMP in the smooth muscle cells of the erectile tissue. This promotes relaxation of these cells to maintain an erection.

Answer 72

Erectile dysfunction