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Anatomy and Physiology Ch 1-3 > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Two subtypes of epithelial tissue

A
  1. covering and lining
  2. glandular
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2
Q

Characteristics of epithelial tissue

A
  1. Cover and line
  2. Little to no matrix (material outside of cells)
    3.all avascular and lie on basement membrane
    4.Cells packed close together
    5.Has to be connective vascular tissue keeping epithelial alive by diffusion
  3. High regeneration rate
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3
Q

Basement membrane

A

-lie between epithelial tissue (avascular) and connective tissue (vascular)

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4
Q

Simple Tissue

A

-one layer (single layer of cells does not protect)
Ex: stomach has one layer, filtering blood, gas exchange in lungs

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5
Q

Stratified Tissue

A
  • more than 1 layer (more for protection than diffusion of materials)
    EX: vagina, inside of mouth, outer layer of skni
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6
Q

Squamous

A

-flat and scaly

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7
Q

Cuboidal

A

-cube shape

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8
Q

Columnar

A

-can be ciliated or non ciliated

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9
Q

Classification of Simple tissue

A
  1. Simple squamous
  2. Simple cuboidal
  3. Simple columnar (ciliated)
  4. Simple columnar (non-ciliated)
  5. Pseudostratified
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10
Q

Classification of Stratified tissue

A
  1. Stratified squamous
  2. Stratified cuboidal
  3. Stratified columnar
  4. Transitional
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11
Q

Simple Squamous epithelium

A

-Closely packed cells, no matrix, avascular, one layer
Function: Cover and line, also exchange of materials through diffusion
Location: Air sacs in the lungs, capillaries
*most vulnerable tissue in the body

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12
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A
  • closely packed cells, no matrix, avascular, no matrix, one layer
    Function: Cover and line, also exchange through diffusion (filtration and secretion)
    Location: in kidney tubules, ducts and secretory proteins of small glands and ovary surfaces
    *Most filter tubules are made of this
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13
Q

Simple columnar epithelium (non-ciliated)

A

-single layer of “tall cells”, may include mucous secreting goblets, no matrix, avascular, no cilia, closely packed cells
Function: Cover and line, allows for diffusion b/c one layer thick (absorption)
Location: lining of the stomach and small intestine
* never ciliate anything in the digestive tract

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14
Q

Simple columnar epithelium (ciliated)

A

-single layer of cells, closely packed together, no matrix, avascular, cilia
Function: absorption, secretion of mucus, cilia propels mucus
Location: small bronchi, uterine tubes and some region of uterus

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15
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium

A

-false single layer, closely packed, no matrix, three types of cells (small, columnar, and goblet, ciliated)
-every single cell touches the basement membrane
Function: covers and lines, production of mucus, and propulsion of mucus by cilia, protection of air sacs
Location: Lining of the trachea

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16
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

-several layer of cells, surface cells are flat, cells on basement membrane living undergo mitosis, cells furthest from basement are dead, no matrix, closely packed cells, avascular
Function: covers and lines plus protection due to layers
Location: epidermis of skin, lining of oral cavity
* two types of this one that produces keratin (skin) and one that does not (mouth)

17
Q

Keratin

A

-protein, makes stratified squamous epithelial layer tough

18
Q

Keratinocytes

A

-makes keratin

19
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

-rare type of tissue composed of cuboidally shaped cells arranged in multiple layers
-protects areas such as the ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands
-provide protection, excretion, secretion

20
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A

-rare type of tissue composed of column shaped cells in multiple layers
-found in the conjunctiva, pharynx, anus, and male urethra. It also occurs in embryo
-provide protection and secretion

21
Q

Transitional epithelial tissue

A

-resembles stratified squamous and cuboidal, basal cells, cuboidal, columnar. Surface cells dome shape depending on degree of organ stretch
Function: stretches readily, permits stored urine to distend urinary organ
Location: only found in the urinary bladder

22
Q

Gland

A

-make some product for the body
-body needs it
-gland in connective tissue but still follows epithelial rules
-the lining of a gland is epithelial tissue
-classified by where they release product and number of cells

23
Q

Exocrine gland

A

-has a duct where the product is made and pours out of the duct (released)
Function: secrets substances onto body surfaces (skin) or body cavities
Location: liver, pancreas, mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands

24
Q

Endocrine gland

A

-product is made and crosses into the blood vessels (hormones always) they are ductless
Function: secretes hormones by exocytosis directly into extracellular space
-most are compact multicellular organs
Location: in digestive tract lining, brain
*not all endocrine glands are made of epithelial tissue
*they are very bloody (risk for surgery)
Ex: pituitary gland , makes hormones for ovaries

25
Q

unicellular exocrine gland

A

one cell big
-are mucous and goblet cells
-sprinkled in the lining of intestinal, respiratory tract

26
Q

multicellular exocrine gland

A

-contain a duct and a secretory unit
-classified by structure and mode of secretion
-can be simple or compound

27
Q

holocrine

A

some multicellular exocrine glands function in
-accumulate products inside until they rupture, they include the synthesized products plus dead cell fragments
- “holo” = whole
-ex: sebaceous oil glands
-constantly have to be repaired
-cancers can cause these to stop mitosis

28
Q

merocrine

A

-secrete their products by exocytosis as they are produced, have Golgi bodies to package. produce, and leave cells
-most glands function this way
ex: gastric, salivary glands, sweat glands, pancreas

29
Q

apocrine

A

-accumulate their products but only just beneath the free surface, the apex of the cell pinches off releasing the secretory granules and small amount of cytoplasm
-cell repairs its damage and repeats the process
-ex: mammary glands

30
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

-sweat glands can have two functions on apocrine and another eccrine
-apocrine glands are the ones in the armpits, groin. They make you smell
-eccrine glands function is important for temp regulation of the body

Anatomy and Physiology Ch 1-3 (12 decks)

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