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Anatomy and Physiology Ch 1-3 > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal system function

A
  1. support and protection
  2. blood cell formation (red marrow)
  3. storage of fat (yellow marrow)
  4. storage of calcium
  5. movement of muscle
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2
Q

long bones

A

longer than it is wide

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3
Q

short bones

A

look like cubes, no medullary, compact on outside and sponge inside
ex: carpals, tarsals

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4
Q

flat bones

A

thin and curved bones, compact outside, sponge inside
ex: cranial bones, front bones, sternum

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5
Q

irregular bones

A

everything else
ex: zygomatic, mandible, vertebra, sphenoid,

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6
Q

Wormian bones

A

-tiny bones in sutures (islands of bones)

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7
Q

sesamoid bone

A

-patella is the only example of this that counts
-bone that forms in a tendon, vary in size and number
-some alter the direction of a pull of a tendon

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8
Q

Axial skeleton contains

A

-skull
-vertebral column
-ribs
-sternum
*also sacrum and coxal

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9
Q

Appendicular system contains

A

-upper extremities
-lower extremities
-girdles (shoulder and pelvic)

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10
Q

Girdle

A

-take an upper extremity and tie onto axial
-as the go-between
ex: shoulder girdle and hip girdle

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11
Q

fissure

A

-crack

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12
Q

foramen

A

hole
-blood vessel nerves travel through this

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13
Q

Process

A

-bone sticking out (non-specific)
* this is for muscle attachment and bone
ex: mandible

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14
Q

condyle

A

-knuckle

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15
Q

ethmoid

A

top of nasal cavity, one side

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16
Q

sphenoid

A

-butterfly
-delicate home of pituitary and brain rest on it, keystone of cranial floor all joins to it

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17
Q

Depression and openings

A

-fissure
-meatus
-sulcus
-foramen
-fossa

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18
Q

meatus

A

tube like opening

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19
Q

sulcus

A

furrow, less deep than a fissure

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20
Q

fossa

A

-broad and shallow depression

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21
Q

process forming joints

A

-condyle
-head
-facet

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22
Q

facet

A

smooth, flat surface that forms a joint with another flat bone or another facet, together creating a gliding joint

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23
Q

process to which tendons etc. attach

A

-tubercle
-trochanter
-line
-epicondyle
-tuberosity
-crest
-spine

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24
Q

cranial bones

A
  1. frontal (1)
  2. parietal (2)
  3. occipital (1)
  4. temporal (2)
  5. sphenoid (1)
  6. ethmoid (1)
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25
Q

Facial bones

A

Maxilla (2)
palatine (2)
zygomatic (2)
lacrimal (2)
nasal (2)
vomer (1)
inferior nasal conchae (2)
mandible (1)

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26
Q

mandible

A

only free moving bone

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27
Q

maxilla

A

responsible for hard pallet, make up 80%

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28
Q

palatine

A

-posterior part of mandible

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29
Q

zygomatic

A

cheek bones

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30
Q

hard pallet

A

-nasal floor

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31
Q

cleft pallete

A

-when maxilla and palatine do not meet

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32
Q

Temporal bone

A

contains the eardrum, cochlea, and has everything to do with the ear b/c intimate with the brain

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33
Q

middle ear ossicles

A

-malleus (2)
-incus (2)
-stapes (2)

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34
Q

hyoid bone

A

-only one

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35
Q

vertebral column

A

-cervical vertebra (7)
-thoracic vertebra (12)
-lumbar vertebra (5)
-sacrum (1)
-coccyx (1)
* in a fetus there are 5 bones in the sacrum
*only 4 curves in adults
*coccyx can have 3,4 or 5 bones

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36
Q

rib cage

A

-rib (24) (12 on each side)
-sternum (1)

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37
Q

pectoral girdle

A

-scapula (2)
-clavicle (2)

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38
Q

upper extremity

A

-humerus (2)
-radius (2)
-ulna (2)
-carpal (16)
-metacarpal (10)
phalanges (28)

39
Q

pelvic girdle

A

-coxal or pelvic (2)

40
Q

lower extremity

A

-femur (2)
-tibia (2)
-fibula (2)
-patella (2)
-tarsal (14)
-metatarsals (10)
-phalanges (28)

41
Q

sutuers

A

-joints
-they are in the skull now but they start to connect to bone
-you can rank age by disappearance of suture lines

42
Q

joints

A

articulations

43
Q

Principle sutures of the cranium

A
  1. coronal
  2. sagittal
  3. lambdoid
  4. squamosal
44
Q

What makes up the hard pallet

A

the maxilla and palatine

45
Q

difference between cranial and facial bones

A
  • the cranial bones encase the brain
46
Q

Fontanels

A

are fibrous membranes at angles of cranial bone that accommodate for bone growth in fetus and infants
-allows babies head to be compressed during childbirth
-“soft spot”

47
Q

hyoid bone

A

-only bone in the skeleton that does not join with any other bone
-located in the floor of the oral cavity
-if you get a fracture in this area most likely due to strangulation

48
Q

What makes up the nasal septum?

A
  1. perpendicular plate of ethmoid
  2. vomer
49
Q

Is the vomer cranial or facial bone?

A

facial

50
Q

Is the perpendicular plate of ethmoid cranial or facial bone?

A

cranial

51
Q

concha

A

-little seashells in nasal cavity, that set up turbulence when breathing, protection for lungs we have 6 pairs

52
Q

which bones contain paranasal sinuses

A
  1. frontal
    2.ethmoid
  2. sphenoid
    4.maxillary
53
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

-4 bones of the skull have this
-make the bones lighter
-all sinuses lead continuously to nasal cavity
** the nasal bones do not have sinuses***

54
Q

True ribs

A
  • number 1-7 of the ribs are considered true ribs because they have their own cartilage to connect to the sternum
55
Q

False ribs

A
  • number 8-12 but they can be false in two different ways
56
Q

False ribs 8-10

A

-these ribs borrow the cartilage from ribs 1-7 and indirectly connect to the sternum

57
Q

False ribs 11-12

A

-these are floating ribs and do not attach to the sternum but they do protect the kidney

58
Q

What makes up the shoulder girdle

A
  • scapula and clavical
59
Q

What does the scapula not articulate to

A

-vertebral column

60
Q

What does the clavicle articulate to

A

-sternum

61
Q

What regions are the coxal bone divided into

A
  1. ilium (hip)
  2. pubic
  3. ischium (butt)
    * in babies these are bones that have not fused into the coxal bone that is found in adults
    * in adults these bones are no longer categorized as bones and are called regions
    * old word used was oxcoxal
62
Q

Where does the coxal join to?

A

-the sacrum

63
Q

Where does the fibula not articulate to

A

-femur
* the fibia is a stabilizer you can live without one

64
Q

Name two of the seven tarsals

A
  • calcaneus
  • talus
65
Q

Tibia is to the ______ as the fibia is to the ______

A

ulna, radius

66
Q

Phalanges

A

-14 per hand
-3 in each finger (3*4= 12)
- the thumb has 2

67
Q

articulation

A

joint, place where one bone joins to another

68
Q

2 ways to classify a joint

A
  1. How much movement
  2. Binding material
69
Q

Synarthroses

A

no movement

70
Q

amphiarthroses

A

a little movement

71
Q

diarthroses

A

freely moving

72
Q

Fibrous binding material for joints can be broken down into?

A
  1. Suture
  2. syndesmoses
  3. gomphoses
    * all held by DFCT
    * has no joint space
73
Q

Suture (marking)

A

bone to bone with DFCT (ossification)
-sutures in the beginning are amphiarthroses (in babies) but as they get finer they become synarthroses

74
Q

Syndesmoses

A

-bone to bone with joint, wider, longer than suture
-joint held together by a ligament

75
Q

gomphoses

A

-peg in socket fibrous joint
-teeth in sockets

76
Q

synostoses (Bony joint)

A

where suture lines disappear (bone to bone)

77
Q

Type of binding material

A
  1. fibrous
  2. bony joint
  3. cartilaginous
78
Q

cartilanginous binding material for joints can be broken down into?

A
  1. synchondroses
  2. symphyses
    * no joint space
    * cartilage binding material
79
Q

synchondroses

A

-bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones
- virtually all synchondroses are synarthrotic
(Ex: ribs to sternum)
*first rib is synarthrotic

80
Q

symphyses

A

-bones united by fibrocartilage
-these are amphiarthrotic
ex: intervertebral joints and pubic symphysis of pelvis

81
Q

Synovial

A

-attach with functionality always diarthrotic for synovial
-between all carpals
-has joint space
-periosteum wraps around the whole surface looks like a bump from the outside

82
Q

Articular capsule

A

-also called joint capsule, covers everything significant
-external layer made of DFCT (irregular)
-inner layer is synovial membrane

83
Q

synovial membrane

A

-inner layer of the joint capsule
-inside everywhere except where hyaline cartilage is
-makes synovial fluid

84
Q

Synovial fluid

A

-to lubricate and protect cartilage, wear and tear and shock absorber

85
Q

articular cartilage

A

-joint on bones found at the end that contains hyaline cartilage
-absorb compression placed on joint

86
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

-temporary joint that is synarthrotic

87
Q

Bursae

A

-sac filled with fluid at bony prominent areas
-not a joint, painful if infected

88
Q

List the synovial (diarthrotic) joints

A
  1. hinge
  2. plane (gliding)
  3. condyloid
  4. saddle joint
  5. pivot
  6. ball-and-socket
89
Q

hinge

A

-monaxial
-flexion and extension
ex: humerus to ulna, elbow

90
Q

Plane

A

-non-axial
-gliding motion
ex: joints between vertebral articular surfaces, intercarpal joints

91
Q

Condyloid

A

-biaxial
-curve, knuckle shape
-flexion and extension plus abduction and adduction
ex: knuckle joints, wrist joints

92
Q

saddle joint

A

-biaxial
-adduction and abduction plus flexion and extension
ex: carpal to metacarpal in the thumb

93
Q

pivot

A

monaxial
-rotation
ex: odontoid

94
Q

ball-and-socket

A

-multiaxial movement
-rotation, flexion and extension, adduction and abduction
ex: shoulder, hip

Anatomy and Physiology Ch 1-3 (12 decks)

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