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Anatomy and Physiology Ch 1-3 > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal system function

A
  1. support and protection
  2. blood cell formation (red marrow)
  3. storage of fat (yellow marrow)
  4. storage of calcium
  5. movement of muscle
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2
Q

long bones

A

longer than it is wide

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3
Q

short bones

A

look like cubes, no medullary, compact on outside and sponge inside
ex: carpals, tarsals

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4
Q

flat bones

A

thin and curved bones, compact outside, sponge inside
ex: cranial bones, front bones, sternum

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5
Q

irregular bones

A

everything else
ex: zygomatic, mandible, vertebra, sphenoid,

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6
Q

Wormian bones

A

-tiny bones in sutures (islands of bones)

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7
Q

sesamoid bone

A

-patella is the only example of this that counts
-bone that forms in a tendon, vary in size and number
-some alter the direction of a pull of a tendon

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8
Q

Axial skeleton contains

A

-skull
-vertebral column
-ribs
-sternum
*also sacrum and coxal

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9
Q

Appendicular system contains

A

-upper extremities
-lower extremities
-girdles (shoulder and pelvic)

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10
Q

Girdle

A

-take an upper extremity and tie onto axial
-as the go-between
ex: shoulder girdle and hip girdle

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11
Q

fissure

A

-crack

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12
Q

foramen

A

hole
-blood vessel nerves travel through this

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13
Q

Process

A

-bone sticking out (non-specific)
* this is for muscle attachment and bone
ex: mandible

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14
Q

condyle

A

-knuckle

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15
Q

ethmoid

A

top of nasal cavity, one side

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16
Q

sphenoid

A

-butterfly
-delicate home of pituitary and brain rest on it, keystone of cranial floor all joins to it

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17
Q

Depression and openings

A

-fissure
-meatus
-sulcus
-foramen
-fossa

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18
Q

meatus

A

tube like opening

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19
Q

sulcus

A

furrow, less deep than a fissure

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20
Q

fossa

A

-broad and shallow depression

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21
Q

process forming joints

A

-condyle
-head
-facet

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22
Q

facet

A

smooth, flat surface that forms a joint with another flat bone or another facet, together creating a gliding joint

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23
Q

process to which tendons etc. attach

A

-tubercle
-trochanter
-line
-epicondyle
-tuberosity
-crest
-spine

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24
Q

cranial bones

A
  1. frontal (1)
  2. parietal (2)
  3. occipital (1)
  4. temporal (2)
  5. sphenoid (1)
  6. ethmoid (1)
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25
Facial bones
Maxilla (2) palatine (2) zygomatic (2) lacrimal (2) nasal (2) vomer (1) inferior nasal conchae (2) mandible (1)
26
mandible
only free moving bone
27
maxilla
responsible for hard pallet, make up 80%
28
palatine
-posterior part of mandible
29
zygomatic
cheek bones
30
hard pallet
-nasal floor
31
cleft pallete
-when maxilla and palatine do not meet
32
Temporal bone
contains the eardrum, cochlea, and has everything to do with the ear b/c intimate with the brain
33
middle ear ossicles
-malleus (2) -incus (2) -stapes (2)
34
hyoid bone
-only one
35
vertebral column
-cervical vertebra (7) -thoracic vertebra (12) -lumbar vertebra (5) -sacrum (1) -coccyx (1) * in a fetus there are 5 bones in the sacrum *only 4 curves in adults *coccyx can have 3,4 or 5 bones
36
rib cage
-rib (24) (12 on each side) -sternum (1)
37
pectoral girdle
-scapula (2) -clavicle (2)
38
upper extremity
-humerus (2) -radius (2) -ulna (2) -carpal (16) -metacarpal (10) phalanges (28)
39
pelvic girdle
-coxal or pelvic (2)
40
lower extremity
-femur (2) -tibia (2) -fibula (2) -patella (2) -tarsal (14) -metatarsals (10) -phalanges (28)
41
sutuers
-joints -they are in the skull now but they start to connect to bone -you can rank age by disappearance of suture lines
42
joints
articulations
43
Principle sutures of the cranium
1. coronal 2. sagittal 3. lambdoid 4. squamosal
44
What makes up the hard pallet
the maxilla and palatine
45
difference between cranial and facial bones
- the cranial bones encase the brain
46
Fontanels
are fibrous membranes at angles of cranial bone that accommodate for bone growth in fetus and infants -allows babies head to be compressed during childbirth -"soft spot"
47
hyoid bone
-only bone in the skeleton that does not join with any other bone -located in the floor of the oral cavity -if you get a fracture in this area most likely due to strangulation
48
What makes up the nasal septum?
1. perpendicular plate of ethmoid 2. vomer
49
Is the vomer cranial or facial bone?
facial
50
Is the perpendicular plate of ethmoid cranial or facial bone?
cranial
51
concha
-little seashells in nasal cavity, that set up turbulence when breathing, protection for lungs we have 6 pairs
52
which bones contain paranasal sinuses
1. frontal 2.ethmoid 3. sphenoid 4.maxillary
53
Paranasal sinuses
-4 bones of the skull have this -make the bones lighter -all sinuses lead continuously to nasal cavity ** the nasal bones do not have sinuses***
54
True ribs
- number 1-7 of the ribs are considered true ribs because they have their own cartilage to connect to the sternum
55
False ribs
- number 8-12 but they can be false in two different ways
56
False ribs 8-10
-these ribs borrow the cartilage from ribs 1-7 and indirectly connect to the sternum
57
False ribs 11-12
-these are floating ribs and do not attach to the sternum but they do protect the kidney
58
What makes up the shoulder girdle
- scapula and clavical
59
What does the scapula not articulate to
-vertebral column
60
What does the clavicle articulate to
-sternum
61
What regions are the coxal bone divided into
1. ilium (hip) 2. pubic 3. ischium (butt) * in babies these are bones that have not fused into the coxal bone that is found in adults * in adults these bones are no longer categorized as bones and are called regions * old word used was oxcoxal
62
Where does the coxal join to?
-the sacrum
63
Where does the fibula not articulate to
-femur * the fibia is a stabilizer you can live without one
64
Name two of the seven tarsals
- calcaneus - talus
65
Tibia is to the ______ as the fibia is to the ______
ulna, radius
66
Phalanges
-14 per hand -3 in each finger (3*4= 12) - the thumb has 2
67
articulation
joint, place where one bone joins to another
68
2 ways to classify a joint
1. How much movement 2. Binding material
69
Synarthroses
no movement
70
amphiarthroses
a little movement
71
diarthroses
freely moving
72
Fibrous binding material for joints can be broken down into?
1. Suture 2. syndesmoses 3. gomphoses * all held by DFCT * has no joint space
73
Suture (marking)
bone to bone with DFCT (ossification) -sutures in the beginning are amphiarthroses (in babies) but as they get finer they become synarthroses
74
Syndesmoses
-bone to bone with joint, wider, longer than suture -joint held together by a ligament
75
gomphoses
-peg in socket fibrous joint -teeth in sockets
76
synostoses (Bony joint)
where suture lines disappear (bone to bone)
77
Type of binding material
1. fibrous 2. bony joint 3. cartilaginous
78
cartilanginous binding material for joints can be broken down into?
1. synchondroses 2. symphyses * no joint space * cartilage binding material
79
synchondroses
-bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones - virtually all synchondroses are synarthrotic (Ex: ribs to sternum) *first rib is synarthrotic
80
symphyses
-bones united by fibrocartilage -these are amphiarthrotic ex: intervertebral joints and pubic symphysis of pelvis
81
Synovial
-attach with functionality always diarthrotic for synovial -between all carpals -has joint space -periosteum wraps around the whole surface looks like a bump from the outside
82
Articular capsule
-also called joint capsule, covers everything significant -external layer made of DFCT (irregular) -inner layer is synovial membrane
83
synovial membrane
-inner layer of the joint capsule -inside everywhere except where hyaline cartilage is -makes synovial fluid
84
Synovial fluid
-to lubricate and protect cartilage, wear and tear and shock absorber
85
articular cartilage
-joint on bones found at the end that contains hyaline cartilage -absorb compression placed on joint
86
epiphyseal plate
-temporary joint that is synarthrotic
87
Bursae
-sac filled with fluid at bony prominent areas -not a joint, painful if infected
88
List the synovial (diarthrotic) joints
1. hinge 2. plane (gliding) 3. condyloid 4. saddle joint 5. pivot 6. ball-and-socket
89
hinge
-monaxial -flexion and extension ex: humerus to ulna, elbow
90
Plane
-non-axial -gliding motion ex: joints between vertebral articular surfaces, intercarpal joints
91
Condyloid
-biaxial -curve, knuckle shape -flexion and extension plus abduction and adduction ex: knuckle joints, wrist joints
92
saddle joint
-biaxial -adduction and abduction plus flexion and extension ex: carpal to metacarpal in the thumb
93
pivot
monaxial -rotation ex: odontoid
94
ball-and-socket
-multiaxial movement -rotation, flexion and extension, adduction and abduction ex: shoulder, hip

Anatomy and Physiology Ch 1-3 (12 decks)

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