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Anatomy and Physiology Ch 1-3 > The autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

The autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

cWhat are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A
  1. parasympathetic
  2. sympathetic (fight or flight)
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2
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system controlled by?

A

hypothalamus

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3
Q

autonomic vs somatic nervous system

A

-somatic is voluntary and effector is skeletal muscles
-autonomic controls glands (cardiac, smooth, and glands), deals with involuntarily world

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4
Q

dual innervation

A

-like 2 plugs, where one path works to keep normalcy, and the other pathway tries to change and make odds of survival greater
-receive competing inputs from the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

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5
Q

Two things in the autonomic nervous system your body is doing

A
  1. EITHER your body is in order (normal)
  2. OR your body interprets as if your body is on the line
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6
Q

List the three general structures of the autonomic nervous system

A
  1. preganglionic neuron
  2. autonomic ganglion
  3. postganglion neuron
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7
Q

Preganglionic neuron

A

-starts in the CNS and goes to ganglion (if spinal cord starts in the lateral horn)
-presynaptic efferent motor neuron (can also call it this)

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8
Q

autonomic ganglion

A

lose output if damaged (ganglion –> effector)

-they are motor ganglia, containing the cell bodies of motor neurons

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9
Q

postganglionic neuron

A

starts in ganglion, goes to effector (gland, cardiac, smooth)

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10
Q

sympathetic nervous: diameter of breathing tubes

A

dilated, and faster rate of breathing

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11
Q

sympathetic nervous: force of a contraction

A

forceful, and fast heart rate

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12
Q

What is the parasympathetic response to counteract sympathetic response

A

-return the body to homeostatic range of normalcy

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13
Q

sympathetic nervous: where is blood directed

A

-blood goes away from the skin, and goes towards the brain, blood to the skeletal muscles (gives physical stamina)

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14
Q

What are two ways to raise blood pressure

A
  1. shut down vessels
  2. add water to the pipes (no water, no saliva)
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15
Q

sympathetic nervous: digestive tract

A

-not important right now, real low in energy when over this phase

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16
Q

sympathetic nervous: spleen

A

-hold blood you do not have to have in circulation, so when you are in sympathetic mode it has very little time to be in the spleen
-white blood cells in the spleen that hang out and check for infection (we make cancer cells) and the spleen can catch them and deal with them
-spleen also gets rid of bad red blood cells

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17
Q

sympathetic nervous: adrenal gland

A

-gives off a hormone called adrenalin which is epinephrine. This boost everything (heart, breathing) all automatic

18
Q

Somatic pathway

A
  • motor neuron with the body in the CNS goes to effector (skeletal muscle)
    -the efferent neuron will spill a chemical that will be received by a muscle cell (neuromuscular) neurotransmitter will always be acetylcholine
    -if you see a pathway that has one motor neuron, body in the CNS (efferent neuron) the effector is a skeletal muscle
    -the effect will always be stimulatory
19
Q

Autonomic pathway

A

-if you see a motor neuron starting in the spinal cord and in lateral horn going out the ventral root. Then in the PNS synapsing with a second motor neuron
-the effector has to be cardiac, smooth muscle or gland

20
Q

If you damage an autonomic ganglion what happens?

A

-lose output

21
Q

How many motor neurons are involved in the nerve pathway of an autonomic pathway?

A

2

22
Q

Receptor

A

-either separate or the dendrite beginning of the afferent sensory neuron

23
Q

afferent neuron

A

carry information from sensory receptors of the skin and other organs to the central nervous system (i.e., brain and spinal cord)

24
Q

association neuron

A

-does the processing

25
Q

preganglionic neuron

A

1st motor neuron

26
Q

postganglionic neuron

A

2nd motor neuron

27
Q

effector

A

effectors that respond to autonomic regulation include cardiac muscle ( the heart ) , smooth ( visceral ) muscles , and glands

28
Q

components of an autonomic reflex arc

A
  1. receptor
  2. afferent neuron
  3. association neuron (interneuron)
  4. preganglionic neuron
  5. postganglionic neuron
  6. effector
29
Q

outflow from CNS: sympathetic

A

-starts at the level of thoracic vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae (thoracolumbar)
-thoracic and spinal lumbar segments if you start here the pathway will be sympathetic
-see lateral horns here

30
Q

outflow from CNS: parasympathetic

A

-craniosacral
-that is why every cranial nerve that has any autonomic function always have to be normalcy

31
Q

What percentage of parasympathetic outflow is the vagus nerve

A

90%
-vagus goes down into the stomach

32
Q

Location of Body of preganglionic neuron: sympathetic

A

-body of the first neuron will be in the thoracic or lumbar segment of the spinal cord, in the lateral horn and going out the ventral root

33
Q

Location of the Body of preganglionic neuron : parasympathetic

A

-somewhere in the brain, or sacral segment of the spinal cord, lateral horn

34
Q

Location of ganglia: sympathetic

A

-sympathetic chain of ganglia, close to spinal cord on either side or in front in a pattern (look like a chain) (in the front called pre ganglia chain)

35
Q

In the first synapse what is the neurotransmitter?

A

acetylochline

36
Q

In the effector what is the neurotransmitter?

A

norepinephrine

37
Q

Location of the ganglia: parasympathetic

A

-the ganglia is not in a pattern, it is very close to the effector or even in the effector (intramural ganglion)

38
Q

Number of postganglionic neurons synapsing with each preganglionic neuron: sympathetic

A

-there is no exact number
- 1-22 give or take

39
Q

Number of postganglionic neurons synapsing with each preganglionic neuron: parasympathetic

A

-there is no exact number
-almost feels like one organ at a time (slow at getting back to parasympathetic)
- 1-4

40
Q

Effect on energy: sympathetic

A

-sympathetic state is using energy, using any glucose being delivered to the blood and all glycogen resources

41
Q

Effect on energy: parasympthetic

A

-in charge of reestablishing energy reserves in skeletal muscles back

42
Q

neurotransmitter substance secreted by postganglionic neurons: sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

Sympathetic secretes norepinephrine
parasympathetic: secretes acetylcholine

Anatomy and Physiology Ch 1-3 (12 decks)

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