EPITHELIUM (Lecture 4) Flashcards by Riley Hrasky

5 main functions of the epithelial tissue

-protection (penis)
-secretion (sucking)
-transcellular transport (takes tons)
-absorption (additional)
-sensory detection (skills)

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epithelial cells are attached basally to a ______ membrane

basal membrane

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3 domains of the epithelial cells

apical
lateral
basal

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domain that borders basement membrane and is related to underlying connective tissue

basal domain

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domain that borders on the lumen

apical

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domain that borders on neighboring cells

lateral domain

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______ specializations of the plasma membrane often define the function of that epithelial cell

apical specialization (like if its cilia or microvilli)

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function of microvilli

absorption
- extend into lumen to increase the SA for absorption

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common areas for microvilli to be found

intestines and kidney tubules

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cilia contain a core of _____

microtubules

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what type of epithelial tissue is this

simple cuboidal

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what type of epithelial tissue is this

pseudostratified columnar
characterized by nuclei located in at least two more-or-less distinct levels. But every cell rests on the basement membrane

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type?

stratified squamous

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type?

simple columnar

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type?

simple columnar

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what is this

microvilli

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lateral interdigitations are abundant in what kind of cells

cells that are engaged in fluid transport (ex: intestines)

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what is one thing lateral interdigitations do

increase lateral surface area

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a surface layer that covers the cell membrane of many bacteria, epithelial cells or other cells.

glycocalyx

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glycocalyx

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3 parts of the junctional complex of the lateral interdigitation

zonula occludens
zonula adherens
macula adherentes

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zonula occludens AKA ___?___

TIGHT JUNCTION

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zonula adherens AKA __?____

INTERMEDIATE JUNCTION

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macula adherentes AKA ___?____

DESMOSOME (SPOT JUNCTION)

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main function of zonula occludens (tight junction)

to form a protective barrier between epithelial cells - Separates the luminal space from the intercellular space and the CT compartment

the 'leakiness' of the tight junction depends on

the number of ridges and grooves

main function of zonula adherens (intermediate junction)

cell to cell adhesion

main function of macula adherens (desmosomes)

cell to cell adhesion

in what types of cells would an abundance of gap junctions be found

in tissues that accomplish coordinated functions , cells that talk alot (cardiac muscle, neurons)

specialized lateral domain that's function is for exchange or signaling b/w adjacent cells

gap junctions "communicating junctions"

the basal domain is specialized for what

cell-to-ECM adhesion

the lateral domain is composed of _____ + _____

junctional complex + gap junctions

is the gap junction part of the junctional complex?

NO, the gap junction is part of the COMMUNICATING junction

What are the differences b/w the basal lamina and basement membrane

the basal lamina is made of 2 layers while the basement membrane is composed of 3 layers

the basement membrane seperates the epithelial tissue from ______

underlying connective tissue

what are the components of the basement membrane

basal lamina + reticular lamina

how do epithelial cells attach to the basal lamina?

vis spot welds (hemidesmosomes)

term for "1/2 a desmosome"

hemidesmosomes

part of the hemidesmosome that attach cell to the basal lamina and are associated with intermediate filaments

attachment plaques

associated w/ actin filaments and are important for mechanoreception

focal adhesions

type of epithelium that is tough and makes up most of the coverings/linings in the body

stratified epithelium (pic is non-keratinized)

toughest and makes up most of skin

kertatinized stratified epithelium

2 types of glands

endocrine : secrete hormones into blood or lymphatic vessels exocrine: secrete into ducts

describe the characteristics of endocrine glands and cells

* they are ductless: no, lumen * reverse polarity: polarized toward the basement membrane * produce hormones * secretion can be constitutive or regulated

Exocrine glands can be classified based on their _____ and type of _____

- structure (branching of the ducts) - type of secretion | structure: simple = little or no branching, compound: multiple layers of

what does being avascular mean for epithelial tissue

it limits its size

purpose of microvilli

extend into the lumen to increase SA for absorption found in intestines and kidneys

cross section of??

microvilli

microvilli are composed of _____ and ______

actin core + terminal web (also made of actin)

cilia have a core of _______ ?

microtubules, this allows for movement

name of this arrangement of cilia

9 triplets

name of this arrangement of cilia

9+2 arrangement

as basal bodies get extended into the cilium, they rearrange into ________

the 9+2 arrangement

basal bodies that develop from procentriole organizers are in the _______ arrangement

9 triplets

3 functions of the lateral domain

- forms a selective barrier - adherence - communication

what is the benefit of lateral interdigitations?

increase lateral SA which increases absorption!

another name for junctional complex

terminal bars

what is circled

junctional complex

the distance b/w adjacent cell membranes is spanned by ___________ that 'link' the cytoskeletons together

INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEINS aka "linking proteins"

what are the components of the macula adherens (desmosomes "spot junction")

attachment plaques intermediate filaments linking proteins

specialized lateral domain, "communicating junctions" "nexus"

gap junction

main function of gap junction

exchange or signaling b/w adjacent cells

part of the junctional complex that is associated w/ intermediate filaments

macula adherens (desmosome)

part of junctional complex associated w/ Actin

zonula adherens (intermediate junction)

does the basal domain also exhibit infoldings

yes, esp in places that do a lot of absorbing like kidney

whats this

focal adhesions (made of actin)

what are these

intermediate filaments

what is this

reticular lamina (secreted by connective tissue)

what this

basal lamina (darker)

what this

reticular lamina

these attach the cell to the basal lamina and are associated with intermediate filaments

attachment plaques

whats this

attachment plaque

whats this (pink circle)

linking proteins

type of glands that exhibit reverse polarity and therefore secrete basally

endocrine glands

type of glands that secrete apically

exocrine glands that secrete into ducts or lumen

2 types of secretion for exocrine glands

1. serous (watery) 2. mucous (mucousy)

What is this arrangement found in cilia

9+2 arrangement of cilium

what is this arrangement found in cilia

9 triplets found in basal body

what are the two types of gland tissue

1. PARENCHYMA (epithelial) ---> working cells 2. STROMA (CT) ----> supporting tissue