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INTEGUMENT (Lecture 8) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the integumentary system composed of ?

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • epidermal appendages
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2
Q

integument aka ____ aka ____

A

skin aka cutis

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3
Q

characteristics of the integument

A
  • skin is the largest mammalian organ
  • invests the entire body
  • continuous w/ the epithelial linings of mouth, anus, urethra, ear, eyelids
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4
Q

epidermal _______ are found in the dermis but are epidermally derived such as nails, hair, glands

A

epidermal appendages

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5
Q

the layer of skin that forms the external surface, composed of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

layer within epidermis where:
- the keratinized layer is thicker
- LACKS hair, sebaceous glands, etc

A

thick skin of epidermis

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7
Q

layer within epidermis where:
- keratinized layer is thinner
- lacks stratum lucidum (basically artefact)
- HAS hair, sebaceous and sweat glands

A

thin skin of epidermis

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8
Q

the interior layer of skin composed of the papillary and reticular layers

A

DERMIS

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9
Q

what are the 2 layers of the dermis

A

Papillary - loose connective tissue that interdigitates with epidermis

Reticular - dense, irregular CT

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10
Q

loose connective tissue that contains fat and is not part of skin layers

A

Hypodermis (superficial fascia)

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11
Q

4 main cell types found in the epidermis

A
  1. Keratinocytes
  2. Melanocytes
  3. Langerhan’s cells
  4. Tactile (Merkel) cells
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12
Q

predominant cell type in the epidermis, is derived from ectoderm

A

Keratinocytes

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12
Q

function of keratinocytes

A

serve as a barrier to the external environment

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12
Q

cell type derived from the neural crest and secrete a pigment called melanin

A

melanocytes

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12
Q

function of melanocytes

A

protect the DNA of keratinocytes from UV radiation

** melanin gets phagocytosed by keratinocytes in the stratum basale and then the keratinocytes absorb the melanin

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13
Q

cell type derived from mesoderm (bone marrow), part of the immune system

A

Langerhan’s cells
**phagocytes

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14
Q

what are langerhan’s cells

A

phagocytes that capture foreign material in the epidermis and travel to regional lymph notes

***main function = present antigens to immune cells

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15
Q

cell type derived from ectoderm and act as mechanoreceptors associated w/ sensory nerve endings

A

Tactile / merkel cells

*sensitive to touch

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16
Q

The single layer of cells that rests on the basal membrane

A

Stratum basale

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17
Q

Layer of the epidermis where active mitosis occurs to form keratinocytes

A

Stratum basale

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18
Q

Tonofilaments

A

Intermediate filaments made out of keratin

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19
Q

Keratinocytes connect to each other via ____

A

Desmosomes

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20
Q

Keratinocytes connect to the basement membrane via _______

A

Hemi desmosomes

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21
Q

Epidermis cells that are characterized by having a large nucleus, abundant free ribosomes and they product tonofilaments

A

Keratinocytes

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22
The stratum cornemuse is composed of _______
Keratinized dead cells
23
The stratum lucidum is essentially
Artefact (insignificant)
24
This layer of the epidermis is where the initiation of the binding of keratin and lipid envelope begins
Stratum granulosum
25
What layer of the epidermis is where the initial differentiation of cells begins
Stratum spinosum
26
Layer of epidermis that contains the stem cells of skins, where mitosis occurs
Stratum basale
27
Keratinocytes and tactile (Merkel) cells both originate from the _____?
Ectoderm
28
Type of epidermis cells that are characterized by rounded cell bodies, long extensions between cells that donate melanin and a lack of desmosomes
Melanocytes
29
What is the main function of melanocytes?
To protect the DNA of keratinocytes from UV radiation
30
Exposure to _______ increases the size and activity of melanocytes
UV Light
31
Epidermis cells that are sensitive to touch
Merkel cells
32
Cells found in the stratum spinosum layer
Keratinocytes and langerhan’s cells
33
Main function of Langerhan’s cells
To present antigens to immune cells
34
Main location of Langerhan’s cells
Stratum spinosum
35
A thick connective tissue layer of the skin divided into 2 layers: the papillary and reticular
Dermis
36
Collagen fiber types that make up both the papillary and reticular layers
Collagen type I & III
37
A dense irregular CT layer of the dermis that has an abundance of collagen fibers and some elastic fibers ** provides strength and elasticity to skin
The Reticular layer
38
A loose CT layer of the dermis that contains - lots of ground substance - microvasculature - anchoring fibrils * does not have elastic fibers
Papillary layer
39
Name for where the dermis and epidermis meet
Dermal junction
40
The increased surface area at the dermal junction is due to __________ found at epidermal and dermal ridges
Interdigitations
41
Sebaceous glands produce _______
Sebum = a lipid and cell debris containing compound that moisturizes hair
42
Sebaceous glands are located all over the body except _________?
Where hair is lacking, like in thick skin
43
What happens in Holocene secretion
The entire secretory cells get discharged and then destroyed in order for secretory product to be released
44
What is sebum secreted through
Pilosebaceous canal
45
Main roles of eccrine sweat glands
- Temperature regulation (via sweat) - Excretion
46
What two segments make up the eccrine sweat glands
Duct segment - ducts open onto skin surface (sweat pores) -NOT associated w/ hairs -lined by stratified cuboidal epithelium Secretory segment - clear cells (product watery component) - dark cells (protein component) - contain myoepithelial cells for contraction
47
Secretions excreted via exocytosis from secretory cells that go into epithelial wall ducts cells DONT die
Merocrine secretion
48
_______ sweat glands open into canals of the hair follicles and contain pheromones
Apocrine
49
Apocrine sweat glands are made up of ?
One secretory segment - one secretory cell type -much larger lumen size -myoepithelial cells for expressing
50
What gland type is this
Apocrine sweat gland
51
What type of gland is this
Eccrine sweat gland
52
What kind of gland is this
Sebaceous gland
53
What is circled here
Sebaceous glands
54
What is in green
Hair follicle
55
What is shown here
Arrector pili muscle
56
What is shown here
Dermal junction
57
What layer of the dermis is this?
Reticular layer - dense CT
58
What layer of the dermis is this?
Papillary layer - loose CT
59
The Golgi apparatus produces an oily lipid rich substance that gets secreted by __________ and acts as a water barrier
Lamellar bodies
60
What part of the epidermis can lamellar bodies be found?
Stratum granulosum
61
What do keratohyalin granules aid in
Keratohyalin granules aid in keratinization by aggregating tonofilaments into tonofibrils
62
What is the purpose of tonofibrils
Tonofibrils help maintain proper water levels in the body
63
What is shown here ?
Langerhan’s cells (L) and their long slender processes (CP)
64
What layer of the epidermis is this?
Stratum spinosum “prickle cell layer”
65
Physical characteristics of keratinocytes
- cells are cuboidal and slightly flattened - cytoplasm contains tonofilaments
66
What cells are these?
Melanocytes - have very round cell bodies and long extensions
67
Melanin gets phagocytosed by _______ in the stratum _______ and assumes a supranuclear position in their cytoplasm
Phagocytosed by Keratinocytes in the stratum basale
68
characteristics of keratinocytes found in the stratum granulosum
- flattened - still have nuclei - lysosomal enzymes digest organelles - contain KERATOHYALIN GRANULES - aid in keratinization by aggregating tonofilaments into tonofibrils - contain LAMELLAR BODIES - secrete oily substance that was produced by golgi
69
characteristics of keratinocytes found in the stratum corneum
- cells are flat - lack nuclei - lack organelles - keratinized - thick membranes
70
hair is associated with _____ muscle and _____ glands
arrector pili muscle and sebaceous glands
71
hair is important for ______ and _____
thermoregulation and display (behavioral)
72
where are lamellar bodies found
stratum granulosum
73
where are keratohyalin granules found
in the keratinocytes of the stratum granulosum
74
the nodes of bizzozero found between keratinocytes are essentially just ______
desmosomes
75
what cell makes tonofilaments
keratinocytes
76
what layer of the dermis interdigitates w/ the epidermis at the dermal junction?
papillary later
77
part of the epidermis that lacks a stratum lucidum
thin skin

ANATOMY (58 decks)

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