Lecture 4: Organization of Pelvic Limb

Question 1

developmentally, dorsal components of pelvic limb are _____ in vivo and ventral components are ______

Answer 1

dorsal - cranial
ventral - caudal

Question 2

the femur is connected to the acetabulum via…

Answer 2

ligament of the femoral head (which is a continuation of the transverse acetabular ligament)

Question 3

main function of the superficial gluteal muscle (lateral muscles of pelvis)

Answer 3

primarily extend and abduct the hip

Question 4

what is the primary innervation of the superficial gluteal muscle (lateral muscles of pelvis)

Answer 4

Cranial gluteal nerve

Question 5

what is the origin and insertion for most superficial gluteal muscles

Answer 5

origin: ilium
insertion: greater trochanter

Question 6

what are the superficial gluteal muscles (lateral muscles of pelvis)

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Answer 6

• gluteus medius
• gluteus profundus
• tensor fasciae latae
• gluteus superficialis

Question 7

what is the insertion point of the tensor fascia latae

Answer 7

fascia lata (and tibia)

Question 8

what is the function of the tensor fasciae latae

Answer 8

flex hip, extend stiffle

Question 9

what is the innervation of the gluteus superficialis

Answer 9

caudal gluteal nerve

Question 10

what is the insertion of the gluteus superficialis

Answer 10

third trochanter

Question 11

what muscle group is the primary ABductors of the hip

Answer 11

superficial gluteal muscles

Question 12

what muscle group is the primary (lateral) rotators of the hip

Answer 12

deep gluteal muscles

Question 13

what are the deep gluteal muscles

Answer 13

• gemelli
• obturator internus
• quadratus femoris
• obturator externus

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Question 14

what is the innervation of the deep gluteal muscles

Answer 14

sciatic n.

Question 15

what is the origin of the deep gluteal muscles

Answer 15

ischium

Question 16

what is the innervation of the obturator externus (a deep gluteal muscle)

Answer 16

obturator nerve, laterally rotates thigh

Question 17

what is the articularis coxae

Answer 17

protects the hip joint capsule

Question 18

what muscle group is the primary extensors of the hip

Answer 18

caudal thigh muscles

Question 19

what are the caudal thigh muscles

Answer 19

• biceps femoris
• semimembranosus
• semitendinosus

Question 20

what are the caudal thigh muscles innervated by

Answer 20

sciatic nerve

Question 21

where do the caudal thigh muscles originate

Answer 21

partly originate from the ischial tuberosity

Question 22

what is the cranial head of biceps femoris innervated by

Answer 22

caudal gluteal nerve

Question 23

what is a muscle found only in felines that helps control and move the tail

Answer 23

caudofemoralis

Question 24

what is a muscle found only in carnivores that helps abduct the leg, it is called the tenuissimus in cats

Answer 24

caudal crural abductor

Question 25

what muscle group is the primary adductors of the hip

Answer 25

medial thigh muscles

Question 26

what are the medial thigh muscles

Answer 26

- sartorius - pectineus - adductor - gracillis

Question 27

where do the medial thigh muscles originate

Answer 27

from the pelvis

Question 28

what are the medial thigh muscles primarily innervated by | (pectinues, adductor, gracilis)

Answer 28

obturator nerve | in yellow

Question 29

what is the origin of the sartorius

Answer 29

ilium

Question 30

what is the innervation of the sartorius ( a medial thigh muscle) ## Footnote shown in green

Answer 30

femoral nerve

Question 31

what movements do the medial thigh muscle help with

Answer 31

adduct and extend the hip

Question 32

what muscle group is the primary flexors of the hip

Answer 32

sublumbar muscles

Question 33

what is the combined insertion tendon of the pelvic head (iliacus) and vertebral muscles(psoas major) | the two muscles that together form the hip flexor

Answer 33

iliopsoas

Question 34

where does the iliopsoas insert

Answer 34

on the lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 35

what is the innervation of iliopsoas

Answer 35

direct branches from the lumbosacral plexus and femoral nerve

Question 36

name for the extensor muscles of the stiffle

Answer 36

quadriceps femoris

Question 37

what is the origin of the cranial gluteal nerve

Answer 37

directly branches off the lumbosacral trunk

Question 38

what muscles does the cranial gluteal nerve innervate ## Footnote shown in red

Answer 38

- tensor fasciae latae - gluteus medius - gluteus profundus

Question 39

what is the origin of the caudal gluteal nerve

Answer 39

directly branches off the lumbosacral trunk

Question 40

what muscles does the caudal gluteal nerve innervate

Answer 40

- gluteal superficialis - vertebral heads of origin of hamstring muscles

Question 41

what muscles does the sciatic nerve innervate

Answer 41

deep gluteal muscles caudal thigh muscles

Question 42

what is the origin of the sciatic nerve

Answer 42

continuation off of the lumbosacral trunk

Question 43

what is the origin of the obturator nerve

Answer 43

L4-L6 spinal nerves

Question 44

what is the origin of the femoral nerve

Answer 44

same as obturator, L4-L6 spinal nerves

Question 45

what muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve

Answer 45

- medial thigh (except for sartorius) - obturator externus

Question 46

what muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve

Answer 46

- psoas major - sartorius - quadriceps femoris

Question 47

what nerve is shown in yellow

Answer 47

obturator

Question 48

what nerve is pointed to by green arrow

Answer 48

femoral

Question 49

what nerve is shown in red

Answer 49

cranial gluteal

Question 50

what nerve is shown in blue

Answer 50

caudal gluteal

Question 51

what nerve is pointed to in yellow

Answer 51

sciatic

Question 52

what muscle is in purple

Answer 52

gracilis

Question 53

what muscle is green

Answer 53

Sartorius (cranial+caudal)

Question 54

what muscle is pink

Answer 54

Adductor

Question 55

what muscle is light blue

Answer 55

pectineus

Question 56

what muscle is shown in purple

Answer 56

biceps femoris

Question 57

what muscle is shown in green

Answer 57

semitendinosus

Question 58

what muscle is shown in pink

Answer 58

semimembranosus

Question 59

what muscle is shown in pink

Answer 59

obturator internus

Question 60

what muscle is shown in light blue

Answer 60

gemelli

Question 61

what muscle is shown in purple

Answer 61

obturator externus

Question 62

what muscle is shown in green

Answer 62

quadratus femoris

Question 63

what does arrow point to

Answer 63

articularis coxae - protects hip joint capsule

Question 64

what is shown in purple

Answer 64

gluteus profundus

Question 65

what muscle is shown in pink

Answer 65

gluteus medius

Question 66

what muscle is shown in yellow

Answer 66

gluteus superficialis

Question 67

what muscle is shown in blue

Answer 67

tensor fasciae latae

Question 68

what joint is shown in yellow

Answer 68

Hip join (coxo-femoral)

Question 69

what joint is pink

Answer 69

stifle (femoro-tibial)

Question 70

what joint is green

Answer 70

Hock (talo-crural)

Question 71

what joints are in the brown circle

Answer 71

inter-phalangeal joints

Question 72

what joints are shown in brown (most distal circle)

Answer 72

interphalangeal joints