Equine and porcine digestive tracts AHS1

Question 1

What kind of GI tract do horses have?

Answer 1

Midgut fermenter

They have a simple stomach and a much larger caecum and ascending colon

Question 2

What is distinguishing about the colour of horse viscera?

Answer 2

They are yellow rather than white

Question 3

What are the two parts of the equine stomach?

Answer 3

Large non-glandular region - fundus

Glandular region - fundic

Question 4

What is the name of the ridge that separates the two regions of the equine stomach?

Answer 4

Margo plicatus

Question 5

Where is the non-glandular region in the equine stomach and how can it be identified?

Answer 5

It is more dorsal and it is a dirty white - less protected

Question 6

Where is the glandular region in the equine stomach and how can it be identified?

Answer 6

More ventral and it is yellowish, covered in mucous to protect it from the stomach acids

Question 7

What kind of epithelium makes up the non-glandular region in the equine stomach?

Answer 7

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

What kind of epithelium makes up the glandular region in the equine stomach?

Answer 8

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 9

What is the name of the sphincter at the opening to the equine stomach from the oesophagus in the and what is its significance?

Answer 9

The oblique cardiac sphincter - it is well developed which prevents vomiting

Question 10

What shape is an equine spleen?

Answer 10

A sickle shape

Question 11

Where is the equine spleen fixed and what are found here?

Answer 11

At the base

This is where all the blood vessels enter

Question 12

What is the main ligament associated with the spleen and why is it important?

Answer 12

Renosplenic/nephrosplenic ligament - from the left kidney to the spleen
Intestines can get wrapped around it and cause colic

Question 13

Where is the base of the caecum associated with the peritoneum?

Answer 13

It is retroperitoneal

Question 14

Where is the caecum located?

Answer 14

On the right side in the paralumbar fossa

Base is just caudal to the last rib

Question 15

What is the name of the entrance of the caecum?

Answer 15

The ileocaecal junction

Question 16

What is the name of the exit of the caecum?

Answer 16

The caecocolic junction

Question 17

How does the caecum empty?

Answer 17

By contractions pushing the contents into the colon that sounds like a toilet flushing every two minutes

Question 18

What is the name of the bands that are on the equine digestive tract?

Answer 18

Taeniae

Question 19

What is the name of the smaller bands that create pockets in the caecum?

Answer 19

Haustra

Question 20

How many taenial bands are on the caecum?

Answer 20

4

Question 21

What is the order of the 4 parts of the equine ascending colon?

Answer 21

Right ventral (from caecum on the right) - left ventral - left dorsal - right dorsal

Question 22

What is the name of the main flexure where the colon thins the most?

Answer 22

Pelvic flexure

Question 23

What are all the flexures of the equine ascending colon?

Answer 23

In order:
The sternal flexure
The pelvic flexure
The diaphragmatic flexure

Question 24

How many taeniae are on each part of the equine GI tract?

Answer 24

Caecum = 4
RVC = 4
LVC = 4
LDC = 1 (expands to 3)
RDC = 3
Descending colon = 3

Question 25

Where in rectal examination should you feel for the pelvic flexure?

Answer 25

Dorsal and slightly to the left

Question 26

What is it when you can feel 'bicycle tyres' on rectal examination?

Answer 26

Inflated jejunoileum - torsion

Question 27

What does the pig liver resemble?

Answer 27

Moroccan leather

Question 28

What shape is the pigs ascending colon?

Answer 28

Spiral but more conical shaped than the flat cow one

Question 29

What is the name of the pouch in the porcine stomach and which region is it in?

Answer 29

The diverticulum - in the expanded cardiac region

Question 30

What else is different about the porcine stomach in the pyloric region?

Answer 30

There is a torus pyloricus - a lump/swelling in the pyloric region

Question 31

Where is the pig caecum located?

Answer 31

On the left with the base near the left kidney

Question 32

What is the name of the turns in the proximal spiral in the porcine ascending colon?

Answer 32

Centripetal - outer to inner

Question 33

What is the name of the turns in the distal spiral in the porcine ascending colon?

Answer 33

Centrifugal - inner to outer

Question 34

Where is the apex of the spiral porcine colon located?

Answer 34

On the left flank (opposite to the cow)