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Animal Health Science 1 > Small animal digestive tract AHS1 > Flashcards

Small animal digestive tract AHS1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the line down the ventral midline of the dog?

A

Linea alba

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2
Q

What are the 4 main muscles of the abdominal wall?

A 
External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Transverse abdominis
Rectus abdominis (down the middle)
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3
Q

What layers of tissue do you cut through when you cut through the linea alba?

A

Skin
Deep fascia/subcutaneous tissue
Linea alba
Peritoneum

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4
Q

Which way do the muscle fibres run in the external abdominal oblique?

A

Caudoventrally

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5
Q

What does the EAO form ventrally?

A

The EAO aponeurosis - thin sheet like tendon

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6
Q

Where does the EAO originate and insert?

A

From the last ribs/thoracolumbar fascia

EAO aponeurosis on the linea alba

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7
Q

Which way do the fibres run in the internal abdominal oblique?

A

Cranioventrally (fan caudally)

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8
Q

Where does the IAO originate and insert?

A

Iliac crest/thoracolumbar fascia and insert on caudal ribs and linea alba

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9
Q

Which way do the muscle fibres run in the transverse abdominis?

A

Dorsoventral

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10
Q

Where does the transverse abdominis originate and insert?

A

Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and insert on the linea alba in a separate aponeurosis

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11
Q

What runs across the surface of the transverse abdominis?

A

Spinal abdominal nerves

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12
Q

Where does the linea alba run between?

A

Xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

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13
Q

What divide up the rectus abdominis?

A

Tendinous intersections

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14
Q

What is the rectus sheath

A

Formed from the aponeurotic tendons of the EAO, IAO and TA

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15
Q

What blood vessels serve the craniodorsal abdominal wall?

A

Phrenicoabdominal artery

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16
Q

What blood vessels serve the cranioventral abdominal wall?

A

Caudal epigastrics

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17
Q

What blood vessels serve the caudodorsal abdominal wall?

A

Deep circumflex iliac artery

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18
Q

What blood vessels serve the caudoventral abdominal wall?

A

Caudal epigastrics

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19
Q

What are the cells that make up the peritoneum?

A

Flattened mesothelial cells supported by fibrous connective tissue

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20
Q

What are the mesenteries a part of?

A

Part of the peritoneum

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21
Q

What is the definition of a mesentery?

A

A double layer of peritoneum suspending an organ

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22
Q

What does retroperitoneal mean?

A

Behind the parietal peritoneum, outside of the peritoneal cavity

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23
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

The area between the visceral and parietal peritoneum

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24
Q

Where does the parietal peritoneum get its blood supply and innervation from?

A

From what it is in contact with - overlying structures eg. paired vessels and segmental nerves

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25
Where does the visceral peritoneum get its blood supply and innervation from?
From the organ that it is enveloping eg. unpaired vessels and autonomic nerves
26
What are the three mesenteries?
Mesoduodenum Mesojejunoileum (great mesentery) Mesocolon They are named after the part that they wrap around
27
How does the blood supply and innervation get to the intestines?
The vessels/nerves run between the peritoneal layers in the mesentery (cut into opposite side of the intestine)
28
What are the names of the structures that provide the embryonic derivation of the mesenteries/omenta?
Dorsal mesogastrium - around the spleen and the stomach | Ventral mesogastrium - around the liver and the stomach
29
What do the embryological mesogastria go on to form?
The omenta Dorsal mesogastrium - greater omentum Ventral mesogastrium - lesser omentum
30
What is an omentum?
A peritoneal attachment that is associated with the stomach (looks like lace/spiders web)
31
How many layers does the greater omentum have?
4 | 2 double layers as it is the dorsal mesogastrium folded back on itself
32
How many layers does the lesser omentum have?
2 - the ventral mesogastrium didn't fold back on itself
33
What does the greater omentum attach to?
The spleen and the greater curvature of the stomach
34
What does the lesser omentum attach to?
The liver and the lesser curvature of the stomach
35
What is the omental bursa?
The space (usually virtual) in between the 2 double layers of greater omentum
36
Wat are peritoneal folds also called?
Ligaments | eg. falciform, coronary, gastrosplenic
37
What makes up the foregut?
``` Distal oesophagus Stomach Cranial duodenum Liver Pancreas (spleen isnt foregut but has the same nerve/blood supply ```
38
What makes up the midgut?
Caudal duodenum All small intestine Ascending colon Treansverse colon
39
What makes up the hindgut?
Descending colon Rectum Anus
40
What artery supplies the foregut?
Coeliac artery | unpaired branch of the aorta
41
What artery supplies the midgut?
Cranial mesenteric | unpaired branch of the aorta
42
What artery supplies the hindgut?
Caudal mesenteric | unpaired branch of the aorta
43
What is the vein equivalent of the coeliac artery?
Gastroduodenal vein
44
What is the vein equivalent of the cranial mesenteric artery?
Cranial mesenteric vein
45
What is the vein equivalent of the caudal mesenteric artery?
Iliocolic vein
46
What do all the abdominal veins from the GI tract drain into?
Hepatic portal vein
47
How does blood exit the liver?
Through hepatic veins into the caudal vena cava
48
What abdominal veins drain straight into the caudal vena cava?
Renal Gonadal Body wall veins eg. phrenicoabdominal and deep circumflex iliac Common iliac
49
What is different about the gonadal veins?
The left gonadal vein drains into the renal vein rather than straight into the caudal vena cava
50
What is the sensory nerve supply to the abdominal viscera?
General visceral afferent nerves - not very sensitive or specific to location
51
What is the motor nerve supply to the abdominal viscera?
Autonomic - general visceral efferent nerves
52
What nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the foregut and midgut?
Vagus nerve
53
What nerves supply parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut and pelvic organs?
Pelvic nerves (S1, 2, 3)
54
What are the 2 main sources of sympathetic innervation in the abdomen?
Paravertebral/sympathetic chain Prevertebral chain (They have different synapses)
55
What does the paravertebral chain innervate?
The smooth muscle of the paired abdominal viscera
56
What does the prevertebral chain innervate?
The smooth muscle of the GI tract
57
What is the 2 main ganglia of the prevertebral chain?
The coeliacomesenteric ganglion | The caudal mesenteric ganglion
58
What does the coeliacomesenteric ganglion supply?
The foregut and midgut
59
What does the caudal mesenteric ganglion supply?
The hindgut and the hypogastric nerves to the pelvis
60
Where does the liver sit?
Between the diaphragm and the stomach | Slightly to the right - more so in larger animals
61
What is the coronary ligament?
Where the peritoneum covering the liver joins the diaphragm and surrounds the structures here - wraps around caudal vena cava
62
How many lobes does a canine liver have?
6
63
What are the lobes divided by?
Fissures
64
What is the way of remembering where the gall bladder sits?
Queen Goes Riding Quadrate lobe Gall bladder Right medial lobe
65
What are the 2 different processes of the caudate lobe?
Caudate process and the papillary process (more central)
66
Where is the impression from the right kidney on the liver?
In the caudate process of the caudate lobe
67
Where is the impression from the stomach found on the liver?
On the left lateral lobe
68
What is the notch found on the dorsal surface of the liver?
Oesophageal notch
69
What is the name of the part of the liver where everything enters?
The porta
70
What is the portal triad made up of?
Hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, bile duct
71
What is the hepatic artery a branch of?
The coeliac artery
72
Where is the duodenal impression on the liver?
On the right lateral lobe
73
What is the order of vessels that carry bile out of the liver to the porta?
Canaliculi - ductules - hepatic ducts
74
What do the hepatic ducts combine to form?
The common trunk
75
What comes off the common trunk?
The bile duct and the cystic duct
76
Where does the cystic duct go?
To the gall bladder to store the bile
77
Where does the bile duct go?
To the duodenum
78
What is the ductus venosus?
It is a foetal bypass shunt that bypasses the liver as the blood has already been filtered by the mother
79
Where does the ductus venosus come from and go to?
Comes from the umbilical vein and goes to the caudal vena cava
80
What is it called when the ductus venosus doesn't close properly?
Portosystemic shunt
81
Where in general is the pancreas located?
Nestled in the curve of the duodenum between the ascending and the descending parts
82
What is the left lobe of the pancreas associated with?
THe greater omentum - it extends around the stomach
83
What is the right lobe of the pancreas associated with?
The mesoduodenum - the mesentery of the duodenum
84
What are the names of the openings into the duodenum for contents from the pancreas and the gall bladder?
Major duodenal papilla (more cranial) | Minor duodenal papilla
85
What empty through the major duodenal papilla?
The bile duct and the major pancreatic duct
86
What empties through the minor duodenal papilla?
The minor pancreatic duct
87
What are the two different sphincters in the stomach?
cardiac sphincter - from the oesophagus | Pyloric sphincter - to the duodenum
88
What are the folds on the inside of the stomach called?
Ruggae
89
What are the three main branches of the coeliac artery?
left gastric artery Splenic artery Hepatic artery
90
Which arteries are on the lesser curvature of the stomach?
Gastric arteries
91
Which arteries are on the greater curvature of the stomach?
Gastroepiploic arteries
92
Which artery is going to the right?
Hepatic artery - liver
93
which artery is going to the left?
The splenic artery - spleen
94
What does the left gastric artery come off of?
The coeliac artery
95
What does the left gastroepiploic artery come off of?
The splenic artery
96
What does the right gastric artery come off of?
The hepatic artery
97
What does the right gastroepiploic artery come off of?
The hepatic artery
98
What supplies the cranial duodenum?
The hepatic branch of the coeliac artery

Animal Health Science 1 (33 decks)

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