Equine Clinical Procedure Pt 3

Question 1

What is the permanent dental formula?

Answer 1

2(I 3/3 C0-1/0-1 PM 3-4 M3/3)

Question 2

In females, what teeth are normally absent?

Answer 2

canines usually absent or small, premolar one frequently absent

Question 3

What are milk teeth?

Answer 3

diciduous

Question 4

What are caps?

Answer 4

retained deciduous teeth stuck on top of erupting permanent teeth

Question 5

What are occlusive tables?

Answer 5

chewing surface of the tooth

Question 6

What is a wolf tooth?

Answer 6

first premolar

Question 7

What is a full mouth?

Answer 7

all permanent teeth are erupted, age 5

Question 8

What are cups?

Answer 8

indentation in occlusive table

Question 9

What is Galvayne’s groove?

Answer 9

groove at the gum margin on upper corner incisor

Question 10

In stallion’s and gelding’s, when do canines erupt?

Answer 10

~4 years of age

Question 11

In stallion’s and gelding’s, what teeth may be absent?

Answer 11

wolf teeth (first premolar)

Question 12

What does floating teeth mean?

Answer 12

the removal of enamel points and hooks on upper and lower molars

Question 13

Why would wolf teeth extractions be necessary?

Answer 13

if there are concerns with pain from the horse’s bit

Question 14

What is a ramp?

Answer 14

lower jaw is slightly forward of the upper jaw causing ramps

Question 15

How is floating done?

Answer 15

done with horse sedated and standing

Question 16

What is the single largest risk for a surgical patient?

Answer 16

recovery from general anesthesia

Question 17

What drugs are used for epidurals?

Answer 17

local anesthetic drugs, alpha 2 agonist, opioids

Question 18

What is the site of injection for epidurals?

Answer 18

between first and second coccygeal vertebrae, on dorsal midline

Question 19

What are some complications with epidurals?

Answer 19

risk of ataxia/collapsing if injected further cranially

Question 20

What is proper postoperative care of the patients if sedation was used?

Answer 20

withhold food and water until swallowing –> 1-2 hours after swallowing returns, can give hay, grain is started next day

Question 21

What is proper pre-anesthetic prep in foals?

Answer 21

3-4 hour fast if on solid foods

Question 22

What is compartment syndrome?

Answer 22

poor circulation leads to muscle or nerve tissue damage/death

Question 23

What problems can occur when a patient undergoes anesthesia?

Answer 23

trouble or inability to stand after anesthesia

Question 24

How can you prevent compartment syndrome?

Answer 24

minimize anesthesia time, use adequate padding, position properly, reduce carbohydrate intake, maintain good systemic blood pressure during anesthesia

Question 25

What is the most common method of induction and maintenance used in the field?

Answer 25

induction with injectable drugs/maintain with injectable drugs

Question 26

What method of induction and maintenance is used in short procedure (<1hr)?

Answer 26

induction with injectable drugs/maintain with injectable drugs

Question 27

What method of induction and maintenance is used in long procedures (>1hr)?

Answer 27

induction with injectable drugs/maintain with gas anesthesia

Question 28

What method of induction and maintenance is only practical in foals?

Answer 28

induction with gas anesthesia/maintain with gas anesthesia

Question 29

What is the most commonly used method of tracheal intubation?

Answer 29

orotracheal intubation

Question 30

What method of tracheal intubation is primarily used in foals?

Answer 30

nasotracheal intubation

Question 31

What are some things to watch for in an anesthetized patient?

Answer 31

hypothermia, hypoventilation, hypotension, bradycardia

Question 32

How can you prevent hypotension?

Answer 32

IV fluids

Question 33

What should a patient's HR be while under anesthesia?

Answer 33

6-12bpm

Question 34

What is the best way to recover a patient?

Answer 34

allow horse to recover in lateral recumbency, staff member should remain with patient until attempts to swallow are observed

Question 35

What are the AAEP's recommendations on vaccines to give your horse?

Answer 35

Rabies, Tetanus, EEE, WEE, VEE, West Nile

Question 36

What is laminitis commonly called?

Answer 36

founder

Question 37

What is laminitis?

Answer 37

inflammation of the sensitive laminae in the foot

Question 38

What can laminitis cause?

Answer 38

may cause coffin bone to rotate hoof

Question 39

What are some clinical signs of laminitis?

Answer 39

increased digital pulses, lameness

Question 40

How much weight do horses carry with their front legs?

Answer 40

60%

Question 41

What are some treatments for laminitis?

Answer 41

correct underlying disease, NSAIDs, special shoeing with padding

Question 42

What is the most common cause of acute lameness?

Answer 42

hoof abscess

Question 43

How is a hoof abscess diagnosed?

Answer 43

visualization of draining tract

Question 44

What is sweeny (shoulder sweeny)?

Answer 44

atrophy of muscles of shoulder secondary to damage to supra scapular nerve

Question 45

What is the treatment for sweeny (shoulder sweeny)?

Answer 45

no treatment

Question 46

What is stringhalt?

Answer 46

involuntary flexion of the hock

Question 47

What is the treatment for stringhalt?

Answer 47

surgery