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Equine Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Botulism also called?

A

“Shaker Foal Syndrome”

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2
Q

What bacteria causes Botulism?

A

Clostridium botulinum

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3
Q

How is Botulism transmitted?

A

usually through ingestion of toxin through contaminated feed

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of Botulism?

A

creeping paralysis

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5
Q

What is Canker?

A

moist pododermatitis of the epidermal tissue of the foot

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6
Q

What are the most common bacteria to cause Canker?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides spp.

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7
Q

What are some clinical signs of Canker?

A

odor or friable frog, white cottage cheese frog

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8
Q

What is the treatment for Canker?

A

superficial debridement and topical antimicrobial agents

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9
Q

How is Lyme disease dignosed?

A

ELISA or immunofluorescent antibody (IFA)

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10
Q

What is the bacteria that causes Potomac Horse Fever?

A

Neorickettsia risticii

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11
Q

How is Potomac Horse Fever transmitted?

A

occurs from accidental ingestion of infected fly

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12
Q

How is Potomac Horse Fever diagnosed?

A

identification of Neorickettsia risticii in blood or feces by culture or PCR

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13
Q

What is the treatment for Potomac Horse Fever?

A

oxytetracycline, supportive care

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14
Q

What bacteria caused Rain Rot?

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

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15
Q

What are some clinical signs of Rain Rot?

A

crusty scabs and matted tufts of hair

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16
Q

What bacteria causes Strangles?

A

Streptococcus equi

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17
Q

What are some clinical signs of Strangles?

A

sudden fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge, abscessation of lymph nodes

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18
Q

What are Metastatic strangles/Bastard strangles?

A

systemic spread of Streptococcus equi

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19
Q

What is the treatment for Strangles?

A

+/- antibiotic therapy Penicillin, lance and flush daily with povidone-iodine

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20
Q

What bacteria caused Tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani

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21
Q

What is the incubation period of Tetanus?

A

usually 7-10 days

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22
Q

What are some clinical signs of
Tetanus?

A

“sawhorse” appearance, generalized stiffness, recumbent, dyspnea

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23
Q

What causes Thrush?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum - bacterial sometimes fungal

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24
Q

What are some clinical signs of Thrush?

A

odor, black discharge and lameness

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25
What is the treatment for flush?
trimming affected area and antiseptic application daily
26
What causes Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)?
Sarocystis neurona or Neospora hughesi
27
What are some clinical signs of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)?
the 3 A's - ataxia, asymmetry, atrophy
28
How is Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) diagnosed?
necropsy is the only way to confirm
29
What is Piroplasmosis?
tick borne protozoal disease
30
What bacteria causes Piroplasmosis?
Babesia equi or Babesia caballi
31
How is Piroplasmosis diagnosed?
blood smear
32
What is the treatment for Piroplasmosis?
Imidocarb dipropionate
33
What is the mortality rate of patients with Piroplasmosis?
10-15%
34
What is Dermatophytosis also called?
ringworm
35
What is the most common cause of Dermatophytosis?
Trichophyton equinum
36
What can cause White Line disease?
bacteria, fungus, yeast
37
What causes EEE, VEE, and WEE?
equine alphaviruses
38
How are EEE, VEE, and WEE transmitted?
mosquitos
39
What are some clinical signs of EEE, VEE, and WEE?
fever, ataxia, paralysis, circling, head pressing
40
What causes Equine Viral Arteritis?
Equine arteritis virus
41
What are some clinical signs of Equine Viral Arteritis?
flu-like symptoms, abortion, pneumonia, edema in scrotum and prepuse
42
What is the primary route of infection of Equine Viral Arteritis?
infected semen
43
What causes Equine Infectious Anemia?
lentivirus of the retroviridae family
44
What are some clinical signs of Equine Infectious Anemia?
fever, lethargy, pale MM, anemia
45
How is Equine Infectious Anemia diagnosed?
Coggins test - agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID)
46
What causes Equine Influenza?
Orthomyoxviridae family
47
What is the incubation period of Equine Influenza?
48 hours
48
What causes Rhinopneumonitis?
Equine herpesvirus I and IV
49
What are some clinical signs of Rhinopneumonitis?
mucopurulent nasal discharge, lymphadenopathy, abortion, scrotal edema
50
How is Rhinopneumonitis diagnosed?
postmortem by PCR
51
What is the treatment for Rhinopneumonitis?
supportive care
52
What causes Vesicular Stomatitis?
Rhabdoviridae family
53
How is Vesicular Stomatitis transmitted?
insects
54
What are some clinical signs of Vesicular Stomatitis?
white areas on the oral mucosa that rupture into ulcers
55
What causes West Nile Virus?
Flaviviridae family
56
How is West Nile Virus transmitted?
mosquitos
57
What are some clinical signs of West Nile Virus?
low-grade fever, lack of appetite, depression, colic
58
How are cutaneous papillomas prevented?
avoid contact
59
Is Heaves (COPD) infectious or non-infectious?
non-infectious
60
What is Cushing's disease usually caused by?
pituitary adenoma or hyperplasia
61
What is the treatment for Cushing's?
Cyproheptadine or Pergolide mesylate
62
What is Hirsutism?
funky hair coat due to Cushing's
63
What are the types of exertional myopathies?
Equine Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (EPSM), Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis, Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HPP)
64
EPSM is _________.
inherited
65
What are some clinical signs of EPSM?
show signs when exercised after a few days of rest
66
How is EPSM diagnosed?
clinical signs, CK and AST levels
67
What are some clinical signs of Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis?
muscle stiffness, sweating, refusal to move
68
What stallion is HYPP linked to?
"Impressive"
69
What are some clinical signs of HYPP?
muscle weakness, twitching
70
How is HYPP prevented?
potassium limited diets
71
How is hypothyroidism diagnosed?
CBC, serum chemistry panel, TSH stim test
72
What is the treatment for melanomas?
surgical removal and Cimetidine
73
What is roaring?
paralysis of the muscles that control vocal cord tension
74
What are some clinical signs of roaring?
whistle or wheeze when respiration in increased
75
What causes Wobbler Syndrome?
compression of the spinal cord in the neck region
76
What is Rhodococcus equi?
bacteria from soil causing pneumonia in young foals
77
What are some clinical signs of Rhodococcus equi?
fever, cough, labored breathing, depression
78
What is the treatment for Rhodococcus equi?
antibiotics (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin)

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