Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Locomotor > Equine tendon and ligament disease > Flashcards

Equine tendon and ligament disease Flashcards

(50 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Name 2 types of tendon injury

A
  • percutaneous: laceration/ penetration

- subcutaneous - strain, displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Causes of over-strain injury

A
  • sudden over-extension (DDFT?)

- preceding tendon degeneration with superimposed sudden over-extension (SDFT, SL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dx - tendon injry

A
  • Hx (usually preceding intense period of exercise, signs can be delayed)
  • CE - lameness (can be temporary, can persist for some tendon/ligament injuries)
  • Stance/ gait - MCPJ extension (decreased with reduced weight bearing / pain and fibrosed/ stiff tendon. increased with severe SDFT/SL injuries. Elevating toe - DDFT rupture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a pathognomic sign for DDFT rupture?

A

toe elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How should you palpate the limb? 2

A
  • weight bearing

- limb lifted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which areas are difficult to palpate? 2

A
  • proximal SL in HL

- pastern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What to assess on palpation? 3

A
  • pain
  • tendon suppleness
  • oedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of ultrasound?

A
  • DIAGNOSIS

- SEVERITY ASSESSMENT: 7 d after injury, prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What ultrasound equipment is used to examine the leg?

A

7.5 MHz (high frequency) + linear transducer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe SDFT tendinopathy

A
  • palmar metacarpal swelling
  • initial lameness (variable)
  • pain on palpation
  • ‘core’ lesion on ultrasound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hx - suspensory ligament desmitis/ proximal suspensory desmitis

A
  • HX: lameness variable in degree, acute or insidious

- CS: conformation (HL) is straight hock adn overextending MTP joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CS - proximal suspensory disease

A
  • Lameness (often lamer with limb on outside of circle, proximal MC/MT swelling is variable and with medial palmar vein distension, pain on palpation vs normal)
  • diagnostic analgesia
  • diagnostic imaging (US, xray, gamma-scintigraphy, MRI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Suspensory body and branch desmitis:

  • CS
  • Ultrasound
  • Radiograph
A
  • CS: variable lameness
  • ULTRASOUND: branches need imaging from medial and lateral aspects, focal or generalised lesions, enlargement, periligamentar fibrosis very common, bilateral involvement common
  • RADIOGRAPH: concurrent bony abnormalities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define ALDDFT

A

Accessory Ligament of the DDFT (= ‘accessory check ligament’)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CS - desmitis of the ALDDT (‘inferior check ligament’)

A
  • swelling in proximal MC region, mostly lateral
  • dorsal to SDFT
  • lameness variable (often absent)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ultrasound - desmitis of the ALDDT (‘inferior check ligament’)

A
  • generalised enlargement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens in DDFT tendinopathy?

A
  • usually within digital sheath or navicular bursa (never in MC region?)
  • mid-substance disruption vs. border tears
  • e.g. intra-thecal tendon tears
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the manica flexoria?

A

part of the SDFT that wraps around the DDFT at the fetlock joint. Function is to maintain tendon alignment within DFTS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Examples of intra-thecal tendon tears

A
  • DDFT (usually lateral border for tear, TL)

- Manica flexoria (usually HL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ultrasound diagnosis: intra-thecal tendon tears

A
  • difficult
  • lateral or medial echogenic material
  • MF instability in longitudinal view
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Causes - tenosynovitis

Study These Flashcards
A

DIGITAL SHEATH:

  • idiopathic distension
  • non-septic inflammation (primary, most secondary)
  • penetrating injuries (sepsis)
22
Q

What is tenosynovitis important?

Study These Flashcards
A

because the dysfunction results in important consequences for soft tissues and bone

23
Q

Define ALS

Study These Flashcards
A

Annular Ligament Syndrome

24
Q

CS - ALS

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Lameness (mild-moderate, minimally responsive to rest, occasionally irregular gliding of tendons)
  • distended digital sheath
  • ‘notch’ at level of PAL
25
Diagnosis - ALS
- Digital sheath analgesia (usually positive but may not be 100%, may have a mechanical component to lameness) - Ultrasonography (+tenoscopy, look for if >2mm thickness)
26
General principles -tx of tendonitis
- many tx advocated in past (many have no effect, some are deleterious) - very few EBVM choices - base tx on tendon pathology and phases of tendon healing
27
What are the 3 phases of tendon healing?
- acute/ inflammatory - subacute/ fibroplasia - chronic/ remodelling (never back to normal) - 12-18 months for tendon repair - 3-6 months for ligament repair
28
Acute inflammatory phase of tendonitis (0-2 wks): - CS - Pathology - Rational tx
- CS: lameness, pain on palpation, heat, swelling - PATHOLOGY: haemorrhage and inflammation (neutrophils, macrophages and monocytes, increased BF, oedema, proteolytic enzymes) - TX: minimise inflammation
29
Describe tx of acute inflammatory phase of tendonitis
- PHYSICAL THERAPY: apply cold/ ice, compression, MCP joint support (rest) - MEDICATION: short-acting steroids (only within 24-48 hours, systemic or peritendinously, beware of laminitis and masking problem), NSAIDs (analgesia) - SURGERY: percutaneous tendon splitting (knife, needles, may combine with intra-tendinous meds)
30
Subacute/ reparative phase of tendonitis (1 wk - 6 mo): - CS - Pathology - Rational tx
- CS: reduction or absence of lameness, resolution of signs of inflammation, tendon still palpably enlarged and soft, signs of re-injury if exercised too early - PATHOLGOY: angiogenesis, fibroplasia (many fibroblasts, collagen 3, small collagen fibrils formed) - RATIONAL TX: promote fibroplasia, optimise scar organisation, regular US monitoring (every 2-3 months, exercise level based on CSA), mobilisation (early, progressive - introduce trotting 3 months after SFDT injury), biologicals
31
What biological tx may be given for tendonitis? 3
- scaffolds (ACell = lyophilised pig bladder submucosa - growth factors (platelet rich plasma = PRP) - cell therapy (mesenchymal SCs)
32
Outline method of mesenchymal SCs for tendonitis
- recovery of heparinised bone marrow from 2 separate sternebrae - located with diagnostic ultrasound - recovery of nucleated adherent SC population - one passage - resuspension in citrated supernatant of BM - implantation under USG - post-implantation 48 wk rehab programme
33
Chronic phase of tendonitis (3-18 months): - CS - Pathology - Rational Tx
- CS: tendon size decreases, tendon less pliable, reduced fetlock extension, (contractures) - PATHOLOGY: collagen transformation from 3 to 1, cross-linking, thicker collagen fibrils - RATIONAL TX: promote remodelling, prevent re-injury
34
Outline tx for chronic phase of tendonitis
- controlled ascending exercise (lower exercise level) - US monitoring - Surgery: desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the SDFT ('superior check ligament'), higher incidence of suspensory desmitis, carpal sheath approach)
35
When is extracorporeal shock wave therapy indicated?
- Proximal Suspensory Desmitis (PSD): both TL and HL
36
When is fasciotomy and neurectomy therapy indicated?
For HL PSD which have failed to improve after the first 2 tx of extracorporeal shock wave therapy
37
What is extracorporeal shock wave therapy?
high energy pressure waves to pulverise the proximal suspensory region
38
How might you tx intra-thecal tendon/ligament lesions?
- medication? - intrasynovial location gives poor healing - tenoscopy/ arthroscopy
39
How might you tx HL manica flexoria tears?
good prognosis with removal (70-80%)
40
How might you tx TL DDFT tears?
debridement but poor prognosis (20-40%)
41
List some developmental diseases of tendon
- flexural limb deformities - carpal flexural deformities - DIPJ flexural deformity - MCPJ flexural deformity - tendon laxity
42
Describe flexural limb deformities: - what - aetiology - tx
- tendon developmental disease - AETIOLOGY: congenital (possibly uterine malpositioning or CDET rupture) or acquired (part of 'developmental orthopaedic disease', pain (OCD, physitis etc) - TX: conservative (start with this, exercise, shoeing, splints), then surgical release if unsuccesful
43
Describe carpal flexural deformity - what - aetiology - tx
- tendon developmental disease - congenital - TX: exercise and physio (most cases respond to this), then tube casts, (sx)
44
Describe DIPJ flexural deformity: - what - aetiology - types - tx - adults
- tendon developmental disease - acquired (6 months old) - TYPE 1: dorsal hoof wall less than vertical - TYPE 2: dorsal hoof wall past vertical - Pain-related? --> NSAIDs - ADULTS: TL --> chronic lameness, HL = usually desmitis of the ALDDFT
45
Another name fro DIPJ flexural deformity
'ballerina foals'
46
Tx - type 1 DIPJ flexural deformity
- exercise and physio - toe extension shoe - sx (desmotomy of ALDDFT, (DDFT tenotomy))
47
Tx - type 2 DIPJ flexural deformity
- usually sx necessary - desmotomy of ALDDFT - (DDFT tenotomy)
48
Describe MCPJ flexural deformity
- also can occur secondary to chronic SDFT tendinopathy in adults
49
Tx - MCPJ flexural deformity
- exercise/ physio - toe extension and raised heel shoe - splints/ braces (beware of sores!) - sx (desmotomy of ALDDFT, desmotomy of ALSDFT, SDFT tenotomy)
50
Describe tendon laxity:
- congenital - acquired (secondary to casting) - Tx: spontaneous recovery, heel trimming, heel extension shoe, controlled exercise)

Locomotor (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions