Flashcards in Functional anatomy of the cow's foot Deck (10):
1
Aetiological theories - sole ulcer
- Loss of laminar suspension around calving
- Loss of fat pad
- Long standing times
- Laminitis and drop/rotated PIII
- Poor foot angle
- Sole over-growth
- Bone exostoses
- Inflammation in a closed compartment
- Soft claws and heel erosion
2
Sequealae - sole ulcer
Possible answers include:
- Synovitis
- Tenosynovitis
- Heel abscess
- Rupture of DDF insertion on PIII
- Osteitis
- Chronic infection with DD
- Scarring and likely recurrence
- New bone formation on PIII
- Fat necrosis/steatitis
- Deep digital sepsis, leading to claw amputation or culling
3
White line - aetiological theories
Very little good evidence published:
• Biotin deficiency (Hedges et al 2001)
• Soft claws during high rainfall (Nz cows)
• Loss of fat pad
• Thin soles (Nz cows/Wisconsin zero-grazed sand)
• Over trimming
• Rough, stoney tracks
• Bruising from long standing times (Bell et al 2006)
• Sharp turns on concrete
• Pushing and shoving e.g. backing gate over-use
4
Sequelae - white line
- Wall ulcers
-Under-run sole or side wall
-Unlikely to produce deep digital sepsis
- Scarring and recurrence
5
Digital dermatitis - aetiological theories
• Three families of Treponeme, gaining entry through hair follicles
6
Sequelae - digital dermatitis
- Cross infection
- Chronic infection in deep dermal tissues, which is unresponsive to most antimicrobial treatments
- Interdigital hyperplasia
7
Toe necrosis - aetiological theories
• Treponemes invading from coronary band in interdigital space
• Treponemes gaining entry through over-trimmed toes
8
Sequelae - toe necrosis
- Chronic infection and severe under-run
- Heel-first gait
- Stretched tendons
- Cross-infections
9
Aetiological theories - foul
• Fusobacterium necrophorum biotypes A, B and AB (ubiquitous)
• Ingress through macerated skin and/or wounds in the interdigital space
10