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Animal Cognition > Evolution of Intelligence > Flashcards

Evolution of Intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

evolution of cognition theories

A

neuroecology

sociality

ecology

technical

language/hunting/fire

null hypothesis

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2
Q

what is neuroecology

A

study of adaptive variation in cognition and brain size

how ecological presures impact difference sin species, sex cognition and brain

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3
Q

sherry 2006 neurecology

A

selection and brian organization work together; which is why corivds and food storing behaviour have correlations in brain size

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4
Q

critique of neuroecolog

A

brodin and bodhuis 2008: retested; found less correlations between brain size and food storing birds; maybe instead:

retrieving does not rely on memory

small sample sizes used and unclear variables (degree of size/storing)

or NE is just wrong!

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5
Q

domain specific vs general intelligence?

A

bird storing behavior might be ‘task specific’ so not ‘a general intelligence’ mechanisms

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6
Q

mery and kawecik 2003 fly experiment

A

regardless if learnign abillitiy is used or not- it impacts competitive abillity in FLIES

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7
Q

hofmann 1993 encaphalization

A

species with large brain/boxy size live longer

species with higeh metabolism live shorter

so mammalian longetivity because encephalization and lowed metabolism

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8
Q

extensive brain hypothesis

A

large brains= slow growth; slow reproduction and long life span in species

tested by aillo and wheeler + isler/van schaik 2009

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9
Q

ailllo and wheller 1995 brain study

A

brain to relative gut mass highest in humans=

encephalization quotient (brain to body) increases across primate orrders

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10
Q

isler and van schaik 2009 brain study

A

expensive brain; so brain size is limited to life history in SOME but not ALL mammals

large mammals= need to produce large offspring= longer childhoods

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11
Q

costs of learge brains

A

energetic demand

reduce energy for locomoiton digestion and reproduction

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12
Q

strategies to overcome costs of large brains

A

Polyktokous: reduce number of offspring per litter

Monotonous: reduce reproductive effort over longer time

both; reduce fertillity and live longer

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13
Q

population and brain size correlations

A

risk of local extinction as population decreases as brain mass increases

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14
Q

how is the population-brain size conundrum fixed

A

alloparenting (Caring and nursing) to compensante for energetic constraints= leads to social brain hypothesis

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15
Q

social brain hypothesis

A

DUNBAR: priamtes have unsuaully large brains because of complex social systems

human inntelligence comes from solving social problems (relates to reciprocal altruis, deception and coalition)

neocortex size as proxy measure of intlligence!

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16
Q

ecological hypothesis: diet and feeding

A

DECASIEN et al: primate diet predicts brain size (frugivory primates have larger brain size than folivoorus)

17
Q

critique of diet hypothesis

A

fruit eaters and neocortext size does not correlative

18
Q

extractive foraging and memory hypothesis (ecology) and critque

A

tool use and spatial mapping use a sign of intelligence; BUT no MAJOR difference in neocortex ratio and other primates use tools

19
Q

meercats as questioning social complexity and intelligence

A

small brain capcity but live in large complex groups

also beers/wasps/ with structres

20
Q

cultural hypothesis

A

culture and social learning

general intelligence correlates with large brain size; sustained social itneracted leads to longer live and suvivorship (gossiping, grooming, language)

adaptive knowledge–> social learning allows cultural skills and surviival strategies to develop;

from social interactions to learning straetgies

21
Q

sociale change theory

A

rleates to TOM; recoprocal alturiism; cheater detection

watson 4 card task selection (toby cosmides)

22
Q

watson 4 card selection task

A

demosntrates humans better at ‘social thinking’

23
Q

language fire and hunting theories

A

only inhumans

24
Q

social intelligence theories?

A

macchievelian intelligence; decieving and detecting decivers + tactical deception (exploiting others)

group living is a congitive challenge; hence social learnign and social intelligence must driv eintlliegence

25
Q

evidence for social intelligent theory

A

humans better at social knowledge (watson task)

dunbar: neocortex size and brain size

groooming size increases

decpetion rate increases

coalition rate increases

26
Q

monogamous mammals vs priamtes and brain size vs birds

A

monogamous carnivores have larger BS

but more social praimtes have larger BS

birds pair living ahve larger BS

27
Q

general intelligence idea?

A

brain size and general intelligence is primate-specific coevolution:

impacted by ecology

28
Q

chimps and extractive foraging + spatial memory

A

chimsp remember food locations

‘flowering’

feedign experience

small trees get checked less than big trees (long term spatial memory and mapping)

29
Q

transfer hypothseis

A

mental skills honed in social field ranslated to technolocical field (social tools= exploiting othres)

30
Q

technical intlligence

A

tool use and brain size (in birds correlate)

innnovation adn tool use and brain VOLUME correlate in primates

31
Q

social and ecological hypothesis connection?

A

correlate depending on varying selection pressrues favouring different domains

32
Q

why did cognitive traits evolve?

A

co evolution vs general intelligence

33
Q

general vs cultural intlligence and hermann eta l 2007

A

humans are ‘‘speciies specific’ domain whereby socioecultural cogntivive skills drive intellignece

general intelligence:
- physical world chimps do equal

socail world: humans do better 2. 5 years onwards

34
Q

how to measure brain size?

A

absolute size

relative size

encephalization quotient

neocortex ratio

intrinstic organization

35
Q

intrinstic organizaiton of brain

A

vertical cortical neurons

veolocity cortical fibres

cortical cell times (information processin)

36
Q

birds + intrinstic brain orgnization

A

small brains= can do smart stuff

RAVENS; organization has dense and small nerve cells which are ‘primate like’

37
Q

convergent evolution oin corvids and apes of intelligence?

A

both have:

  1. tool making–> twigs for making things
  2. mental time travel—> caching of perished products
  3. social cognition—> stealer detection

so tools evolved indepdnently in corvids and apes to solve socioecological issues

hence large EQ than predicted and enlarnged prefrontal cortex

38
Q

what is needed for tactical deception

A

causal easoning

imagination

flexibllity

rpopspection

39
Q

insight learning in ravens

A

pullilng string with some meat in it

Animal Cognition (10 decks)

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