Primate socioecology Flashcards by Mayra Salazar

what is anti predator behavior

activity patterns; diurnal/nocturnal
predator calls (vervets)
group dynamics (dilution effect, selfish herd, vigilance, alarm calls, safety in numbers)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

safety in #s example

red colombus monkeys live with diana monkeys

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a primate social organization composed of

group formation

mating system

dominance (hierarchy)

coaliations

dispersal patterns

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

principles of primates

anti predator behaviour

competition

dominance

sex differences in sex stratgies

infanticie

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what types of food competition are there (WHEN FOOD IS A LIMITING FACTOR)

scramble

contest

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

scramble competition

food is dispersed and available

resources not monopolizeable

so MM competitio for fmeales is a SCRAMBLE

often low value resources ;i.e. gorillas or howlers live in terriestial herbaceous habitats

efficnency determiend by amount

aggression, kin support and rank stabillity is low

migration, non liniear egalitarian and individualistic group structures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

contest competition

food is limtied and clumped

monopolizable as MM competition for FM is a CONTEST

chimps and aggression= uneven gain

common aggression, kin support, high rank stabillity

linear despotic nepotisic group structures

i.e. chimps and vervets

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when fod is not limiting…

no aggression, dominance, home range etc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when food is limiting..

intergroup aggression

if clumped; dominance effect

if disperesed; no dominance effect

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

WGS

within group scramble; impacted by group size

per capita food intake–> high in small groups but dominance not too important

large groups have differential food intake between HR and LR

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

BGS

between group scramble; potential dominance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

WGC

within group contest; dominance effect for per capita food intake

more animals= less to eat= hence rank has a strong influence on what and when you can eat

hence female ALLIANCES are important

leads to resident nepotistic societies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

BGC

between group contest: population density

percapita food intake depends on dominance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sexual strategies

intrasexual
intersexual

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

intersexual competition

males compete against other males

sperm competition; differential testes size = mating system

intrinsic qualities (dominance); so subordinates sneaky matings and deception

friendships and coalitions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

intrasexual

males compete for females

need:
attractiveness
male health
gene compatibility
male services (resources, care, protection)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

benefits for male infanticide

enhance RS

prevent parenting to unrelated child

shorten ibi

father next infant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

female counter strategies to infantcid

Study These Flashcards

defend infant
other fanther/friends defend infant
hide ovulation
synchronize ovulation
mate while pregantn
mate with male males

india vs nepal primate langur

Study These Flashcards

INDIA; provisioned (escapes tough environmental conditions) so females can have asynchronous fertility–> leads to monopolization by a male (harem) and higher infanticide

NEPAL: tough environmental conditions; females synchronize in summer (seasonality);

india vs nepal primate langur

Study These Flashcards

INDIA; provisioned (escapes tough environmental conditions) so females can have asynchronous fertility–> leads to monopolization by a male (harem) and higher infanticide

NEPAL: tough environmental conditions; females synchronize in summer (seasonality);

leads to multi-male multi-female promiscuous systems; less infanticide but higher sperm competition

wrangham 1980: resources and male-female reslationships

Study These Flashcards

females: food safety

males: ferliziations

so food distribution, predation risk–> impact where females are

infanticide risk–> if females have friends

females–> comeptition type–> social relationships

number of males

Study These Flashcards

number of females and synchronocy of females; whether or not they are monopolizable

dominacne hiearchies

Study These Flashcards

monopolizable resources

permanent residency (of males)

Study These Flashcards

mate guarding
predator defence
infant protection

i.e. rhesus macaques

costa rica vs peru squirrel monkeys

in CR: - small and many fruit treest so egaliatrian and high female dispersal PERU: large fruit trees and few leads to linear dominacne hierarchies, little female dispression

egalitarian strcutures + ranking

LOW WGC/BGS and yes/no philopatrry

nepotistic/desspotiic ranking

highWGC and low BGS; yes philopatry

nepotistic tolerant rankings

high WGC and HIGH BGS; yes philopatry

how does socioecoloy function

environment: where can i survive? grouping structuree: who lives with whom mating structure: who mates with whom? breeding structre: who reproduces with whom?

ecoloical pressures and sex selection

FF need more paternal care; limited resource food and safety MM; increase fitness by maximizing gertliziations; limited resources are FF so RS variance stronger among MM than FF

why do FF live in groups?

intrinsic factors---> socialiaty difficult as gregariousness leads to increasex competition so extrinsic factors lead to FF to clumpb (resource defence, predator defence)

resource defense

social prssure from conspecifics (wrangham 1979); birth rates increase as group size increases eso intragroup competition outweights intergroup competition in very large groups

preadtor defences

van schaik 1983: ecological presssure from predators birth rates decline with increasing group size because nothing counterats within group competition

predator defence vs resource defense

Dunbar 1988 tested: predation risks sets lower limit within group competition sets upper limit

BGC + WGS

per capita food intake higher in for more dominance groups (larger groups) than smaller suborrdinate groups resident egalitarian (as some participation is needed; collective action problem)

BGS and WGC

Per capita food intake higher in large groups and dependent on within group dominance status high female philopatry, lienar dominacne hiearchy and resident-nepoistic tolerant

MM map themslves on FF distribution..

spatial: females go to food temporal: synchronicity of female fertillity

diespresed FF distribution

either solitary or desynchronized grouops= leads to monogamy/polygyny

clumped FF distribution

females in group might have synchronized by seasonal habitat= polygynandrouns or non-monopolizable (baboons)

variations of MM and FF distribution

FF chimps monpolized by coalltion of MM oranguatns monpolized by single male because descynhorinized gibbons engage in EPC depsite monogamy

polygyny threshold model

where MM defend resources/range instead of chasing after ff; 'better to be second wife of rich man' likely to lead to polygyny when there territories have different value in terms of resources (food shelter microcalimate etc)

agonistic relationships dimensions

1. egalitrian to despotic 2. individual to nepotistic (RANK AND RELATIVE) 3. TOLERANCE (TOLERANCE INCREASE= DECREASE OF AGGRESSION; increase in reconciliation)

additional factors that impact priamte social systems

risk of infanticide habitat saturation

classes of female social relationships

Dispersien Egalitarian Resident Nepoistic Resident Nepoistic Tolerant Resident Egaliatrian

Primate socioecology Flashcards

(44 cards)