EX1; Formation of Face and Oral Cavity

Question 1

What is the order in which the face, oral cavity/palate, and tongue develop

Answer 1

face
tongue
oral cavity

Question 2

This is an organization level involved in the growth and development of an organ and an organism

Answer 2

formation

Question 3

This is an increase in weight and spatial dimensions (shape) that an organ or organism undergoes

Answer 3

growth

Question 4

This is the growth of an organ or organism through various formative stages on its way to maturity

Answer 4

development

Question 5

During which embryonic weeks does the face develop

Answer 5

three to five

Question 6

What is the crown-rump measurement during the 3rd week

Answer 6

3mm

Question 7

The stomodeum appears during which embryonic week

Answer 7

three

Question 8

What does the stomedeum become between the 6th and 8th week

Answer 8

nasal and oral cavity

Question 9

What are the boundaries of the stomodeum

Answer 9

frontal prominence (superior)
cardiac plate (inferior)
buccopharyngeal membrane (posterior)

Question 10

What type of epithelium lines the stomodeum

Answer 10

ectoderm

Question 11

What type of epithelium makes up the buccopharyngeal membrane

Answer 11

2 layers; endoderm and ectoderm

Question 12

During the fourth week what appears

Answer 12

4 pairs branchial (pharyngeal, visceral) arches

branchial clefts or grooves

Question 13

When do the branchial arches disappear

Answer 13

in the 4th week (of when they appear also)

Question 14

*What does branchial Arch 1 become

Answer 14

right and left maxillary facial processes

right and left mandibular facial processes

Question 15

What does the groove (cleft 1) between the mandibular process and arch II become

Answer 15

external auditory meatus

Question 16

What is the place where the maxillary and mandibular processes meet at either side of the stomodeum

Answer 16

commissure laborium oris (corner of lips)

Question 17

This replaces the cardiac plate as the lower boundary of the stomodeum during the 4th week

Answer 17

2 mandibular facial processes

Question 18

This becomes the posteriolateral boundary of the stomodeum during the 4th week

Answer 18

2 maxillary facial processes

Question 19

These appear within the frontal prominence during the 4th week

Answer 19

nasal pits

Question 20

*After the appearance of the nasal pits, the frontal prominence becomes what

Answer 20

three processes;
median nasal facial process
right lateral nasal facial process
left lateral nasal facial process

Question 21

The nasal pits deepen and become what

Answer 21

nasal ducts that open into the stomodeum, then to nostrils that open to nasal cavities during the formation of oral and nasal cavities

Question 22

What does the median nasal process become

Answer 22

midline of nose

philtrum of upper lip

Question 23

What do the lateral nasal processes become

Answer 23

lateral sides and ala (wings) of nose

infraorbital part of face

Question 24

What does the maxillary process become

Answer 24

upper part of cheeks

lateral parts of upper lip

Question 25

What does the mandibular process become

Answer 25

lower part of cheeks lower lip chin

Question 26

What do the maxillary processes merge with

Answer 26

median nasal process

Question 27

Failure of the maxillary processes to merge by the end of the 5th week will result in what

Answer 27

clefting (unilateral or bilateral) of the upper lip

Question 28

What does branchial arch II become

Answer 28

operculum (cover)

Question 29

What is the operculum

Answer 29

an embryonic fold of tissue that covers arch III and IV and clefts II, III, and IV

Question 30

What does the operculum become

Answer 30

sides of neck below the external auditory meatus

Question 31

This takes place between the facial processes during facial formation

Answer 31

merging

Question 32

When would clefting in the mandible appear

Answer 32

by the 5th week, if merging does not occur

Question 33

What makes up the upper lip

Answer 33

right maxillary facial process medial nasal facial process left maxillary facial process

Question 34

What makes up the lower lip

Answer 34

right and left mandibular process

Question 35

What happens to the buccopharyngeal membrane

Answer 35

it ruptures allowing opening to the foregut that becomes the oral and nasal pharynx site of the anterior pillar of fauces

Question 36

What appears during the 4th becoming the tongue

Answer 36

four lingual swellings along the ventral inside surface of mandibular processes of branchial arch I, II, and III; the merge to form the tongue

Question 37

These lingual swellings become the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 37

``` tuberculum impar (middle) 2 lateral lingual ```

Question 38

This becomes the posterior 1/3 or root of the tongue

Answer 38

copula

Question 39

After what week will the stomodeum portioned into the oral and nasal cavities

Answer 39

6th week

Question 40

This arises from the inner surface of median nasal facial process during the 5th week

Answer 40

primary palate

Question 41

This arises from the primary palate during the 5th week

Answer 41

nasal septum

Question 42

This arises from the inner surface of maxillary facial process during the 5th week

Answer 42

palatine folds

Question 43

What type of epithelium covers the palatine folds

Answer 43

lining epithelium connects to an underlying mesenchymal tissue

Question 44

The palatine folds move from a vertical position to where

Answer 44

a horizontal position above the tongue

Question 45

The edges of the palatine folds with the primary palate form what kind of shape

Answer 45

"Y"

Question 46

When does the palate epithelium begin to fuse

Answer 46

begins in the 6th week

Question 47

How does palate fusion progress

Answer 47

posterior; | the palate folds fuse with each other, then the nasal septum

Question 48

Where does meschenchyme remain after palatal merging

Answer 48

in the confines walled off by epithelium of palatine folds and nasal septum it intermingles within these structures

Question 49

Upon the formation of the secondary palate (an the epithelium gone and mesenchyme union complete) what officially forms

Answer 49

the oral and nasal cavities

Question 50

When does epithelial fusion and mesenchymal union occur

Answer 50

between 6th and 8th weeks