Ex2L1 NS

Question 1

patterns of cell connectivity in brain

Answer 1

1. Spatially focused

2. Widely divergent

Question 2

Spatially focused cells focus on

Answer 2

Discrete tasks, narrow functions

Question 3

Widely divergent connectivity focuses on

Answer 3

Controlling level of excitability in multiple parts of brain

Influence over complicated behaviors

Question 4

Norepinephrine originates in

Answer 4

Locus Cooruleus

Question 5

Norepinephrine affects

Answer 5

Sleep/wake cycle
Mood
Executive function (attention)

Question 6

Serotonin effects

Answer 6

Positive affect (mood)
Motor excitability
Thermoregulation 
Safety/fear 
Influences visual perception 
** think of NMDA

Question 7

Dopamine originates from

Answer 7

Substantia nigra (basal ganglia)
Ventral regimental area

Question 8

Dopamine effects

Answer 8

Reward system

Motor Function

Question 9

Input from dopaminergic cells of substantia nigra

Answer 9

Stimulatory

Question 10

Input from cholinergic cells, releasing ACh

Answer 10

Inhibitory

Question 11

Parkinsons is a result of

Answer 11

Loss of dopamine

Question 12

Dyskinesia

Answer 12

Slowing of motor movements

Question 13

Important aspect of dopamine reward system

Answer 13

Addiction - projects into prefrontal cortex

Question 14

Spatially focused cells would be involved in

Answer 14

Motor movements in body

Question 15

What neurotransmitter strongly influences motivation and planning?

Answer 15

Dopamine (tied to reward system/prefrontal cortex)

Question 16

Where do all neurotransmitters originate from?

Answer 16

Brain stem

Question 17

Nerves that extend out from brain

Answer 17

Cranial nerves

Question 18

How many CNerves are there

Answer 18

12 pairs

Question 19

Impact of vagus nerve

Answer 19

70 percent of parasympathetic activity is carried via vagus nerves
*maintenance of baseline fxn

Question 20

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

Answer 20

31

Question 21

What is the dorsal root ganglia

Answer 21

Cell bodies of sensory neurons

Question 22

Ventral portion of spinal cord

Answer 22

Motor function

Question 23

Dorsal component of spinal cord

Answer 23

Sensory function

Question 24

Dermatome map

Answer 24

Sensory map

*relevant for shingles (optic nerve damage)

Question 25

Myotome map

Answer 25

Motor neurons coming out of each muscle pair | *injury to spinal cord would cause impaired motor fxn to corresponding muscle groups

Question 26

Gray matter in spinal cord consists of

Answer 26

Cell bodies

Question 27

Horizontal direction relates to ____ matter in spinal cord

Answer 27

Gray matter | Projects into/out of gray matter

Question 28

Somatosensory nerves from body project into _____ horn, | Synapse onto _______, and _____ conveys input to brain

Answer 28

Dorsal horn Interneurons Sensory input conveyed to brain

Question 29

Sensory input conveyed to brain travels through

Answer 29

Axon fiber in white matter

Question 30

Lateral horn

Answer 30

Cell bodies of autonomic efferent neurons

Question 31

Autonomic efferent neurons are controlled via

Answer 31

Autonomic nervous system

Question 32

Autonomic efferent neurons diverge from spinal nerves where?

Answer 32

Sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 33

Function of autonomic efferent neurons

Answer 33

Command neuron that travels to visceral organ to create effect

Question 34

Ventral horn

Answer 34

Cell bodies of motor neurons

Question 35

Effect of cells from ventral horn

Answer 35

Project out of ventral horn to contact skeletal muscle, cause contraction/motor movement

Question 36

White matter

Answer 36

Axon fibers

Question 37

Why is white matter white?

Answer 37

Myelination

Question 38

White matter should be thought of in which direction

Answer 38

Vertical movement | *ascending/descending

Question 39

Ascending axon fibers are located

Answer 39

Dorsal surface

Question 40

Ascending axon fibers are responsible for

Answer 40

Sensory or receiving information

Question 41

Descending axon fibers are located

Answer 41

Ventral surface

Question 42

Descending axon fibers are responsible for

Answer 42

Motor/Efferent

Question 43

“Corticospinal” fibers are located

Answer 43

Descending/ventral surface

Question 44

“Spincerebellar” or “spinothalamic” fibers are located where

Answer 44

Ascending/sensory | Dorsal Surface