Exam 1 Lecture 1

Question 1

Factors in maintaining cellular homeostasis

Answer 1

cell volume, electrolyte balance, pH, cell metabolism, cell transport

Question 2

Signs & symptoms - which is objective?

Answer 2

Signs

Question 3

Signs & symptoms - which is subjective?

Answer 3

Symptoms

Question 4

Iatrogenic cause of disease is ?

Answer 4

From medical care - extrinsic

Question 5

Which of the following are signs?

BP, fever, fatigue, pain

Answer 5

blood pressure

Question 6

What percentage of weight is made up of total body water?

Answer 6

60%

Question 7

Which of the following are maladaptive responses of the cell to stress?
Hyperplasia
Dysplasia
Hypertrophy
Metaplasia

Answer 7

Dysplasia

Question 8

Increased ADH results in water ______

Answer 8

retention

Question 9

Increased ADH is a result of ____ plasma osmolarity

Answer 9

Increased

Question 10

H2O is regulated by?

Answer 10

ADH/thirst system

Question 11

Osmolyte balance is regulated by?

Answer 11

Systematically: RAAS - renin/angiotensin
Intracellularly: Na/K ATPase Pumps

Question 12

Major osmolyte in extracellular space?

Answer 12

Na

Question 13

Major osmolyte in intracellular space?

Answer 13

K

Question 14

Hypotonic solutions result in ____ of cell

Answer 14

Swelling

Solution is diluted

Question 15

Hypertonic solutions result in ____ of cell

Answer 15

Shrinkage

Solution is concentrated

Question 16

3% NS administered to a patient. Cells will Swell or Shrink?

Answer 16

Shrink

Question 17

1/2NS is administered to patient. Cells will swell or shrink?

Answer 17

Swell

Question 18

Increased plasma osmolarity results in _____ ADH

Answer 18

increased

Question 19

Decreased blood volume results in ___ which stimulates _____ and releases ______

Answer 19

Decreased BP, baroreceptors, renin

Question 20

Renin stimulates ____, which stimulates _____, therefore releasing ____

Answer 20

Angiotensin I, Angiotensin II, Aldosterone

Question 21

Aldosterone causes kidneys to conserve _____ and waste _____

Answer 21

Conserve Sodium

Waste Potassium

Question 22

RAAS is controlled by?

Answer 22

Blood volume and blood pressure

Question 23

Aldosterone ultimately causes what?

Answer 23

Sodium retention, potassium loss

Question 24

If ATPase pumps fail, what would happen?

Answer 24

Sodium accumulates in cell, cell will swell

Question 25

ECF is ______

Answer 25

3 subcompartments: intravascular space + interstitial space + transcellular fluid

Question 26

Interstitial space + Intravascular space + transcellular fluid =

Answer 26

ECF

Question 27

Third spacing is comprised of what fluid?

Answer 27

Transcellular

Question 28

Fluid between serous membranes

Answer 28

Transcellular

Question 29

Intrapleural Fluid

Answer 29

Transcellular Fluid

Question 30

Intraperitoneal fluid

Answer 30

Transcellular Fluid

Question 31

Total Body Water is composed of?

Answer 31

ICF + ECF

Question 32

% of body that is TBW?

Answer 32

60%

Question 33

Biggest factor of TBW

Answer 33

% body fat

Question 34

Higher body fat % results in ___ % TBW

Answer 34

Decreased

Question 35

Decreased production of albumin results in ____ which leads to _____

Answer 35

Decreased plasma oncotic pressure, Edema

Question 36

Liver failure will result in edema d/t which cause?

Answer 36

Decreased albumin, decreased plasma oncotic pressure

Question 37

Starvation will result in edema d/t which cause?

Answer 37

Decreased albumin, decreased plasma oncotic pressure

Question 38

Vascular injury will cause _____ oncotic pressure resulting in _____

Answer 38

increased interstitial, edema

Question 39

Why does a scratch cause edema?

Answer 39

inflammation causes increased capillary permeability from vascular injury which causes increased interstitial oncotic pressure

Question 40

___ will cause a ____ in capillary blood pressure which results in _____

Answer 40

HTN, increase, edema

Question 41

A tumor in a lymph node (or absent lymph node) will result in ____

Answer 41

edema

Question 42

Isotonic alterations are a result of ____

Answer 42

change of TBW

Question 43

Hemorrhage is an example of which type of ECF condition

Answer 43

Isovolumetric depletion

Question 44

Excess IVF administration is an example of ___; which is a ____ cause.

Answer 44

Isovolumetric excess; iatrogenic

Question 45

Inadequate fluid intake results in ____ alterations

Answer 45

Hypertonic

Question 46

Kidneys not responsive to ADH will result in which ECF condition?

Answer 46

Hypertonic d/t water deficit

Question 47

Diuretics work by blocking ____ resulting in a _____ ECF alteration

Answer 47

Sodium reabsorption, hypotonic ECF alteration

Question 48

Hypertonic Hyponatremia

Answer 48

Condition where blood osmolarity is elevated, but Na concentration in blood is reduced. Accumulation of Non-sodium osmolyte (blood glucose & cholesterol)

Question 49

Elevated blood glucose or blood cholesterol could result in ______ ECF alteration

Answer 49

hypertonic hyponatremia