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Psyyy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cognitive psych is

A

Study of thought and thinking

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2
Q

Cognition

A

The mental process such as perception, attention, memory etc that the mind does

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3
Q

LTM divided into

A

Explicit(declarative) memory: facts and events

Implicit(procedural): unconscious memory of skills, movements of body

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4
Q

DONDERS: Earliest cog psychologist

A

Simple reaction time vs choice reaction time

Mental responses can me inferred

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5
Q

Ebinghaus

A

Self testing

Forgetting curve

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6
Q

Wundt

A

Structuralism: experience determined by sensations

Established first psych lab

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7
Q

Naive realism

A

Intuitions on the world

Often wrong

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8
Q

Analytic introspection

A

Trained participants to describe experiences and thoughts in response to stimuli

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9
Q

Gestalt psych

A

Look at mind and behavior as whole

Whole greater than sum of parts

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10
Q

Introspectionism

A

Reflect inwards

Inaccuracy

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11
Q

behaviorism

A

Anti cognitive
Study of prediction and control of behavior
No need for mind or cognition

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12
Q

Pavlov

A

Dogs

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13
Q

J. Watson

A

Classical conditioning: pairing one stimulus with another neutral stimulus changes response to neutral stimulus
Little Albert

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14
Q

BF Skinner

A

Operant conditioning: behavior is strengthened by inforcers

Pigeons

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15
Q

problems with Behaviorism

A

Cannot account for effects of memory

Doesn’t account for complex behavior

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16
Q

Tolman

A

Reemergence of the mind

Cognitive maps

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17
Q

Latent learning

A

Learning without reward

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18
Q

iP approach

A

An approach that traces the sequence of mental operations involved in cognition

  • info comes from various channels
  • info routed to different processors
  • info can be accessed at a later time
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19
Q

Structural models

A

Represents a physical structure

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20
Q

Cherry

A

Attended vs unattended messages

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21
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

The study of the physiological basis of cognition

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22
Q

Neurons

A

Building blocks for nervous system

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23
Q

Neuron doctrine

A

Idea that cells transmit signals in nervous system

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24
Q

dentrite

A

Receives signals, branch out of cell body

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25
Axon
Nerve long fiber Transmits electrical signals Can be mynated (fat tissue) to speed up process
26
Terminal buttons
Dispenses neurotransmitters across synapse
27
Soma is
Semi permeable Ions can flow across ion channels Ion channels triggered by neuro transmitters maintained by sodium potassium pump
28
At rest
``` More K+ inside More Na+ outside More negative at rest -70mv Polarized ```
29
Depolarization
Excited
30
Hyper polarization
Inhibited | More negative
31
Graded response
Amplitude equal to intensity of signal
32
Threshold
Minimum level of depolarization before action potential -65 Truethreshold
33
Action potential
``` Origates from axon hillock -65 to 50 Travels down axon Lasts 1ms All or nothing More firing not stronger firing All neurons produce same strength ```
34
Specificity coding
Specifically tuned neurons specialized to respond to a specific stimulus
35
Population coding
Pattern of firing or large number of neurons
36
Distributed processing
Specific functions are processed by many different areas of the brain
37
Localization
Specific functions are served by specific areas
38
Cerebral cortex
``` Serves most cognitive functions Tissue covering brain Sulci valley Gyro ridges Fissures large furrow Longitudes= divides left and right Fissures divided brain into lobes ```
39
Lobes
Frontal: attention higher order cog functions temporal: auditory Occipital: vision Pariental: touch
40
FFA
In temporal lobe In tune with faces -prosopagnosia (inability to recognize faces)
41
Ex body area
In tune with body parts
42
Para hippocampal place area
Spatial layout
43
Brock's and wreinkles areas
Language B:difficulty speaking W: incoherent speech
44
Sensation
Absorbing raw energy through our sensory organs
45
Perception
Experiences resulting from stimulation of senses
46
Transduction
Conversion of energy to neural signals
47
Inverse projection problem
Determining the object responsible for a specific image on the retina
48
Direct perception theory | Bottom up
Parts are identified and put together then recognition occurs. Processing begins with the stimulation of receptors.
49
Constructive perception theory | Top down
Construct perceptions based on expectations
50
Dual process
Perception relies on both bottom up and too down
51
Periciving size
BU:the size of image on retina Td: perceived distance, relevant to environment
52
mcgunk effect
Mix of visual and verbal signals
53
Hemhotltz
Theory of unconscious inference: we use prior knowledge effortlessly We perceive the world in the way that it is most likely based on past
54
Gestalt perception
Rather than adding up perception, look at overall pattern, relationships Perceptual organization Law of good continuation Apparent movement
55
Heuristic
Rule of thumb
56
Modern theory of perception
Regularity in environment Oblique effect Semantic regulaties are characteristics associated with functions of a scene
57
Bayeish inference
Use the idea of regularity and knowledge to guide inference Math version of hemholtz
58
What where stems
Temporal lobe-ventral-what | Pariental-dorsal-where/how
59
Mirror neurons
Parietal lobe | Activate when instigating an action and observing the same actions
60
Attention
The ability to focus on specific stimulation locations | Limited in capacity and timing
61
Selective attention
Ability to focus on a message and ignore others
62
Dichroic listening
One message is presented to left ear and mother to the right | Participant shadows message to assure they are attending to message
63
Cherry
``` Dichroic listening and shadowing Participant could not reproduce other message -knew message existed -knew gender Unattended ear processed at some level Cocktail effect ```
64
Broadbents filter model
Messages-sensory memory-filter-attened message-detector-memory Bottle neck Problems include cocktail effect
65
Tresimans attention theory
A lot of attended message very little of unattended processed for meaning
66
Late filter
McKay, most incoming info is processed for meaning then the message to process is selected as
67
Processing capacity
Attention is finite
68
High low load
High load: early filter | Low load: late filter
69
Covert attention
Visual attention without moving the eyes
70
Overt attention
Bu- stimulus salience | Td scene scema
71
Sensory memory
Stage that holds all incoming
72
STM
Longer but still transitory
73
LTM
Hold large amounts of information for decades
74
Did get span
Miller 7+-2 | Is it 4?
75
Auditory coding
Represents items in stm based on sound
76
Semantic coding
Representing items in terms of their meaning
77
Articulatory suppression
Verbalizing nonsrnse words
78
Chunking
Small units can me combined into larger meaningful units
79
Central executive
Where the major work of working memory occurs

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