Exam 1 (II) Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
Nasal Cavity Dz: Associated Signs
A
Nasal Discharge, sneezing, paying at face, difficulty on inspiration, stertor
2
Q
Nasal Cavity Dz: Foreign Body - Signs
A
sudden onset, acute sneezing, gagging/reverse sneezing, pawing at nose
3
Q
Nasal Cavity Dz: Foreign Body - Dx
A
imaging, cytology
4
Q
Nasal Cavity Dz: Foreign Body - Tx
A
Nasal flush, alligator forceps, sx
5
Q
Nasal Cavity Dz: Rhinitis - Feline Eteology
A
herpesvirus, calicivirus
6
Q
Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - Feline Signs
A
Herpes - ulcerative keratities (puntate and dendritic)
Calici - ulcers on nose, tongue, and hard palate, pneumonia, lameness
7
Q
Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - Feline Dx
A
signs, viral isolation
8
Q
Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - Feline Tx
A
symptomatic, vx
9
Q
Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - Canine Dzs
A
aspergillus
10
Q
Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - Aspergillosis Signs
A
sneezing, uni-/bilateral discharge, ulceration, depigmentation
11
Q
Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - Aspergillosis Dx
A
imaging, biopsy
12
Q
Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - Aspergilluosis Tx
A
debidement/flushing
13
Q
What is Pneumonyssus canium?
A
nasal mites
14
Q
Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - Lymphoplasmacytic Rhinitis Etiology
A
chronic inflammatory rhinitis characterized by lymphocytic infiltration
15
Q
Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - LPR Signs
A
uni-/bilateral discharge, sneezing, ocular discharge
16
Q
Nasal Cavity: Rhinitis - LPR Dx
A
imaging, biopsy
17
Q
Nasal Cavity: Neoplasia - Signs
A
loss of air flow, facial deformity
18
Q
Nasal Cavity: Neoplasia - Dx
A
imaging, biopsy
19
Q
Nasal Cavity: Neoplasia - Tx
A
sx, radiation
20
Q
Nasal Cavity: Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia - Signs
A
young patient w/ recurrent resp. infection
21
Q
Tracheobronchial: Laryngeal Signs
A
hoarse bark, gagging, inspiratory difficult
22
Q
Tracheobronchial: Tracheal and Bronchial Signs
A
cough, resp. distress
23
Q
Tracheobronchial: Kennel Cough - Etiology
A
parainfluenza, Canine adenovirus 2, mycoplasma, Bordatella
24
Q
Tracheobronchial: Kennel Cough - Signs
A
cough
25
Tracheobronchial: Kennel Cough - Dx
history, signs
26
Tracheobronchial: Kennel Cough - Tx
restricted exercise, doxycyline
27
Tracheobronchial: Canine Influenza - Signs
Mild/Uncomplicated - cough
Severe/Complicated - fever, hemorrhagic pneumonia
28
Tracheobronchial: Canine Influenza - Dx
PCR, signs
29
Tracheobronchial: Canine Influenza - Tx
supportive
30
Tracheobronchial: Oslerus osleri - Signs
cough, wheeze, dyspnea
31
Tracheobronchial: Oslerus osleri - Dx
imaging, biopsy, fecal
32
Tracheobronchial: Oslerus osleri - Tx
ivermectin, fenbendazole
33
Tracheobronchial: Collapsing Trachea - Signs
goose honk cough (exacerbated by excitement), cyanotic
34
Tracheobronchial: Collapsing Trachea - Dx
imaging, Hx, signs,
35
Tracheobronchial: Collapsing Trachea - Tx
break cough cycle, sx
36
Tracheobronchial: Chronic Canine Bronchitis - Signs
chronic obstructive pulmonary dz, daily cough, exercise intolerance, wheeze
37
Tracheobronchial: Chronic Canine Bronchitis - Dx
rule out other dz
38
Tracheobronchial: Chronic Canine Bronchitis - Tx
eliminate triggers
39
Tracheobronchial: Idiopathic Feline Bronchitis - Signs
chronic/intermittent cough, acute resp. distress, wheeze, crackles, inc. expiratory effort
40
Tracheobronchial: Idiopathic Feline Bronchitis - Dx
imaging, rule out
41
Tracheobronchial: Idiopathic Feline Bronchitis - Tx
eliminate triggers, pred, nebulizer, bronchodilator
42
Pulmonary Parenchymal: Signs
expiration difficulty, inc. rate + effort, exercise intolerance
43
Pulmonary Parenchymal: Pneumonia - Etiology
bacterial, apiration, viral, fungal, parasitic
44
Pulmonary Parenchymal: Pneumonia - Dx
Imaging, infection hemogram, cytology
45
Pulmonary Parenchymal: Pneumonia - Tx
antibiotics, nebulization, supportive
46
Pulmonary Parenchymal: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - Signs
slow onset of exercise intolerance, respiratory distress, tachypnea, chough, crackles
47
Pulmonary Parenchymal: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - Dx
imaging, biopsy
48
Pulmonary Parenchymal: Neoplasia - Etiology
Primary - adenocarcinoma, SCC Secondary - metastatic
49
Pulmonary Parenchymal: Neoplasia - Dx
imaging, biopsy
50
Pulmonary Parenchymal: Neoplasia - Tx
sx, chemo
51
Pulmonary Parenchymal: Pulmonary Edema - Mechanisms
vascular overload, dec. oncotic pressure, inc. capillary permiability, lymphatic obstruction
52
Pulmonary Parenchymal: Pulmonary Edema - Signs
crackles in perihylar region
53
Pulmonary Parenchymal: Pulmonary Edema - Dx
imaging - air bronchogram in perihylar region
54
Pulmonary Parenchymal: Pulmonary Edema - Tx
treat primary dz, cage rest, supportive, diuretics
55
Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Etiology
necrosis, edema, neutrophilic infiltrate of the pancreas
56
Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Signs
depression, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, shock, coagulopathy
57
Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Lab
Left shift, thrombocytopenia, hyperlipidemia, inc. PLI + liver enzymes
58
Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Dx
imaging, PLI (dog), TLI (cat), biopsy
59
Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Tx
supportive - fluids, analgesia, anti-emetics, GI protectants, nutrition
60
Pancreas: Chronic Pancreatits - Presentation
acute due to flare up
61
Pancreas: Chronic Pancreatitis - Signs
intermittent , low grade - anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain
62
Pancreas: Chronic Pancreatitis - Dx
TLI, imaging, biopsy
63
Pancreas: Chronic Pancreatitis - Tx
supportive - fluids, analgesia, anti-emetics, GI protectants, nutrition
64
Pancreas: EPI - Etiology
Pancreatic Acinar Atrophy (genetic), chronic pancreatitis
65
How much of the pancreas must lose function before signs of EPI?
80-90%
66
Pancreas: EPI - Signs
wt loss, poor hair coat, inc. appetite, coprophagia, diarrhea
67
Pancreas: EPI - Dx
reactive hepatopathy, TLI
68
Pancreas: EPI - Tx/Management
supplemental enzymes, individualized diet, poss. B12
69
Liver: Indicator Enzymes
Intracellular - ALT, AST Membrane bound - ALKP, GGT bilirubin
70
Liver: Dx Tests
Bile Acids Stim., Ammonia tolerance, coag., biopsy
71
Acute Liver Dz: Hepatic Failure - Signs
dull, vomit, PU/PD, poss. icterus
72
Acute Liver Dz: Hepatic Failure - Lab
inc. ALT, poss. ALP + Bilirubin
73
Acute Liver Dz: Fulminant Hepatic Failure - Signs
anorexia, v/d, dull, hepatic enchalopathy, seizures, coag. disorders
74
Acute Liver Dz: Fulminant Hepatic Failure - Lab
inc. ALT, ALP, bilirubin dec. glucose, albumin, urea
75
Acute Liver Dz: Dx
chem, coag, U/S
76
Acute Liver Dz: Tx
treat underlying cause, SAMe, feed, supportive
77
Acute Liver Dz: Etiology
toxins (acetaminophen, carprofen, aflatoxin), metabolic (lipidosis), infection, hypoxia
78
Chronic Liver Dz: Etiology
copper accumulation, idiopathic, chronic cholangiohepatitis, drug induced, infectious, vacuolar hepatopathies
79
Chronic Liver Dz: Signs
lethargy, anorexia, v/d, wt. loss, ascites, PU/PD, icterus
80
Chronic Liver Dz: Tx
treat underlying cause, diet (low fat, high protein), supportive
81
Inflammatory Liver Dz: Etiology
supurative/lymphatic cholangitis
82
Inflammatory Liver Dz: Signs
anorexia, pyrexia, jaundace, abdominal pain
83
Inflammatory Liver Dz: Lab
inc. ALT, ALP, GGT, bilirubin
84
Inflammatory Liver Dz: Dx
chem, U/S, histo
85
Inflammatory Liver Dz: Supurative/Lymphatic Tx
antibiotics, supportive/pred, supportive
86
Biliary Tract Obstruction: Etiology
Dog - edema, inflammation, fibrosis
Cat - inflammation, pancreatitis
87
Biliary Obsruction: Signs
icterus, vomit, anorexia, dull, pain
88
Biliary Obstruction: Lab
inc. bilirubin, ALKP, GGT, cholesterol
89
Biliary Obstruction: Dx
chem, radiographs, U/S
90
Biliary Obstruction: Tx
supportive, sx
91
Biliary Non-Obstructive Dz: Cholecystitis - Dx
radiographs, U/S
92
Biliary Non-Obstructive Dz: Cholecystitis - Tx
supportive, sx
93
Gallbladder Mucocele: Etiology
high fat, low fiber diet
94
Gallbladder Mucocele: Signs
icterus, anorexia, lehargy, diarrhea, PU/PD
95
Gallbladder Mucocele: Lab
severe inc. enzyme; inc. cholesterol, triglyceride, bilirubin
96
Gallbladder Mucocele: Dx
chem, U/S (kiwi appearance)
97
Gallbladder Mucocele: Tx
sx
98
Pharyngitis: Signs
anorexia, lethargy, cough, dysphagia, odynophagia, pyrexia
99
Pharyngitis: Etiology
viral, neoplasia, secondary bact, foreign body
100
Pharyngitis: Dx
CBC, DI, endoscopy, biopsy
101
Pharyngitis: Tx
treat underlying cause, symptomatic
102
What is a polyp?
fibrocartilage
103
Biliary Non-Obstructive Dz: Cholecystis - Class
I - no rupture
II - Bile peritonitis
III - omental adhesion
104
Dysphagia: Oral Phase Signs
tilting head to swallow
105
Dysphagia: Pharyngeal Phase Signs
cough, gagging, nasal discharge
106
Dysphagia: Cricopharyngeal Phase Signs
repeated effort to swallow, cough, gagging
107
Dysphagia: Etiology
foreign body, infection, neoplasia
108
Dysphagia: Dx
DI
109
Dysphagia: Tx
treat underlying cause, symptomatic, temporary esophagostomy tube
110
Esophageal Dz: Examples
megaesophagus, myasthenia gravis, vascular ring anomolies, esophagitis, stricture, hiatal hernia
111
Esophageal Dz: Signs
regurg, dysphagia, wt loss
112
Esophageal Dz: Dx
DI (contrast), endoscopy
113
Esophageal Dz: Megaesophagus - Pathophysiology
generalized esophageal dilation
114
Esophageal Dz: Myasthenia Gravis - Pathophysiology
autoimmune antibodies against acetyl choline receptors
115
Esophageal Dz: Esophagitis - Pathophysiology
chronic exposure to gastric acid
116
Esophageal Dz: Hiatal Hernia - Types
sliding, paraesophageal
117
Gastric Dz: DDx
acute gastritis, chronic gastritis, dec. gastric outflow, gastric ulcer, infiltrative gastric dz
118
Gastric Dz: Acute Gastritis - Etiology
bad food, foreign body, toxin, drugs
119
Gastric Dz: Chronic Gastritis - Etiology
IBD, helicobacter, physaloptera
120
Gastric Dz: Gastric Outflow Problems - Etiology
idiopathic hypomotility
121
Gastric Dz: Gastric Ulcers - Etiology
shock, drugs, tumor
122
Gastric Dz: Infiltrative Gastric Dz - Etiology
IBD, neoplasia
123
Diarrhea: Definition
inc. in frequency or volume, and/or change in concistancy
124
Diarrhea: Small Intestine Origin - Appearance
inc. volume, melena, vomiting
125
Diarrhea: Large Intestine Origin - Appearance
inc. frequency; dec. volume; tenesmus, mucus, fresh blood
126
SI Acute Diarrhea: Systemic Etiologies
acute pancreatitis, liver/renal dz, addison's, sepsis
127
SI Acute Diarrhea: GIT Etiologies
viral, bacterial, obstruction
128
SI Acute Diarrhea: Tx
supprotive (fluids)
129
LI Acute Diarrhea: Management
diet, anti-parasitics
130
LI Chronic Diarrhea: Management
sulfasalazine, High soluble fiber diet
131
Constipation: Etiologies
diet/environment, pain, obstruction, neurologic, metaolic, drug induced
132
Constipation: Signs
blood +/ mucus, vomit, hyperemic mm, mass palpated,
133
Constipation: Dx
DI, endoscopy
134
Constipation: Tx
correct fluids, laxatives, treat underlying cause
135
Megacolon: Signs
depression, progressive, mass palpated
136
Megacolon: Etiology
irreversible neural dmg =\> no parastalsis
137
Megacolon: Dx
DI, MDB
138
Megacolon: Tx
stool softener, enemas
139
Recto-Anal Fistula: Signs
pain, inflammation, tenesmus, blood/mucus in feces
140
Recto-Anal Fistula: Dx
signs, rectal
141
Recto-Anal Fistula: Tx
clip + clean, ciclosporin, supportive
142
Anal Saculitis: Signs
"scooting", tenesmus, pain
143
Anal Saculitis: Dx
signs, rectal
144
Anal Saculitis: Tx
express +/- lavage, local infusions
