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GIT Flashcards

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1
Q

Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Etiology

A

necrosis, edema, neutrophilic infiltrate of the pancreas

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2
Q

Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Signs

A

depression, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, shock, coagulopathy

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3
Q

Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Lab

A

Left shift, thrombocytopenia, hyperlipidemia, inc. PLI + liver enzymes

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4
Q

Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Dx

A

imaging, PLI (dog), TLI (cat), biopsy

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5
Q

Pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis - Tx

A

supportive - fluids, analgesia, anti-emetics, GI protectants, nutrition

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6
Q

Pancreas: Chronic Pancreatits - Presentation

A

acute due to flare up

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7
Q

Pancreas: Chronic Pancreatitis - Signs

A

intermittent , low grade

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8
Q

Pancreas: Chronic Pancreatitis - Dx

A

TLI, imaging, biopsy

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9
Q

Pancreas: Chronic Pancreatitis - Tx

A

supportive - fluids, analgesia, anti-emetics, GI protectants, nutrition

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10
Q

Pancreas: EPI - Etiology

A

Pancreatic Acinar Atrophy (genetic), chronic pancreatitis

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11
Q

How much of the pancreas must lose function before signs of EPI?

A

80-90%

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12
Q

Pancreas: EPI - Signs

A

wt loss, poor hair coat, inc. appetite, coprophagia, diarrhea

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13
Q

Pancreas: EPI - Dx

A

reactive hepatopathy, TLI

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14
Q

Pancreas: EPI - Tx/Management

A

supplemental enzymes, individualized diet, poss. B12

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15
Q

Liver: Indicator Enzymes

A

Intracellular - ALT, AST Membrane bound - ALKP, GGT bilirubin

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16
Q

Liver: Dx Tests

A

Bile Acids Stim., Ammonia tolerance, coag., biopsy

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17
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Hepatic Failure - Signs

A

dull, vomit, PU/PD, poss. icterus

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18
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Hepatic Failure - Lab

A

inc. ALT, poss. ALP + Bilirubin

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19
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Fulminant Hepatic Failure - Signs

A

anorexia, v/d, dull, hepatic enchalopathy, seizures, coag. disorders

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20
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Fulminant Hepatic Failure - Lab

A

inc. ALT, ALP, bilirubin dec. glucose, albumin, urea

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21
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Dx

A

chem, coag, U/S

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22
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Tx

A

treat underlying cause, SAMe, feed, supportive

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23
Q

Acute Liver Dz: Etiology

A

toxins (acetaminophen, carprofen, aflatoxin), metabolic (lipidosis), infection, hypoxia

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24
Q

Chronic Liver Dz: Etiology

A

copper accumulation, idiopathic, chronic sholangiohepatitis, drug induced, infectious, vacuolar hepatopathies

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25
Chronic Liver Dz: Signs
lethargy, anorexia, v/d, wt. loss, ascites, PU/PD, icterus
26
Chronic Liver Dz: Tx
treat underlying cause, diet (low fat, high protein), supportive
27
Inflammatory Liver Dz: Etiology
supurative/lymphatic cholangitis
28
Inflammatory Liver Dz: Signs
anorexia, pyrexia, jaundace, abdominal pain
29
Inflammatory Liver Dz: Lab
inc. ALT, ALP, GGT, bilirubin
30
Inflammatory Liver Dz: Dx
chem, U/S, histo
31
Inflammatory Liver Dz: Supurative/Lymphatic Tx
antibiotics, supportive/pred, supportive
32
Biliary Tract Obstruction: Etiology
Dog - edema, inflammation, fibrosis Cat - inflammation, pancreatitis
33
Biliary Obsruction: Signs
icterus, vomit, anorexia, dull, pain
34
Biliary Obstruction: Lab
inc. bilirubin, ALKP, GGT, cholesterol
35
Biliary Obstruction: Dx
chem, radiographs, U/S
36
Biliary Obstruction: Tx
supportive, sx
37
Biliary Non-Obstructive Dz: Cholecystitis - Dx
radiographs, U/S
38
Biliary Non-Obstructive Dz: Cholecystitis - Tx
supportive, sx
39
Gallbladder Mucocele: Etiology
high fat, low fiber diet
40
Gallbladder Mucocele: Signs
icterus, anorexia, lehargy, diarrhea, PU/PD
41
Gallbladder Mucocele: Lab
severe inc. enzyme; inc. cholesterol, triglyceride, bilirubin
42
Gallbladder Mucocele: Dx
chem, U/S (kiwi appearance)
43
Gallbladder Mucocele: Tx
sx
44
Pharyngitis: Signs
anorexia, lethargy, cough, dysphagia, odynophagia, pyrexia
45
Pharyngitis: Etiology
viral, neoplasia, secondary bact, foreign body
46
Pharyngitis: Dx
CBC, DI, endoscopy, biopsy
47
Pharyngitis: Tx
treat underlying cause, symptomatic
48
What is a polyp?
fibrocartilage
49
Biliary Non-Obstructive Dz: Cholecystis - Class
I - no rupture II - Bile peritonitis III - omental adhesion
50
Dysphagia: Oral Phase Signs
tilting head to swallow
51
Dysphagia: Pharyngeal Phase Signs
cough, gagging, nasal discharge
52
Dysphagia: Cricopharyngeal Phase Signs
repeated effort to swallow, cough, gagging
53
Dysphagia: Etiology
foreign body, infection, neoplasia
54
Dysphagia: Dx
DI
55
Dysphagia: Tx
treat underlying cause, symptomatic, temporary esophagostomy tube
56
Esophageal Dz: Examples
megaesophagus, myasthenia gravis, vascular ring anomolies, esophagitis, stricture, hiatal hernia
57
Esophageal Dz: Signs
regurg, dysphagia, wt loss
58
Esophageal Dz: Dx
DI (contrast), endoscopy
59
Esophageal Dz: Megaesophagus - Pathophysiology
generalized esophageal dilation
60
Esophageal Dz: Myasthenia Gravis - Pathophysiology
autoimmune antibodies against acetyl choline receptors
61
Esophageal Dz: Esophagitis - Pathophysiology
chronic exposure to gastric acid
62
Esophageal Dz: Hiatal Hernia - Types
sliding, paraesophageal
63
Gastric Dz: DDx
acute gastritis, chronic gastritis, dec. gastric outflow, gastric ulcer, infiltrative gastric dz
64
Gastric Dz: Acute Gastritis - Etiology
bad food, foreign body, toxin, drugs
65
Gastric Dz: Chronic Gastritis - Etiology
IBD, helicobacter, physaloptera
66
Gastric Dz: Gastric Outflow Problems - Etiology
idiopathic hypomotility
67
Gastric Dz: Gastric Ulcers - Etiology
shock, drugs, tumor
68
Gastric Dz: Infiltrative Gastric Dz - Etiology
IBD, neoplasia
69
Diarrhea: Definition
inc. in frequency or volume, and/or change in concistancy
70
Diarrhea: Small Intestine Origin - Appearance
inc. volume, melena, vomiting
71
Diarrhea: Large Intestine Origin - Appearance
inc. frequency; dec. frequency; tenesmus, mucus, fresh blood
72
SI Acute Diarrhea: Systemic Etiologies
acute pancreatitis, liver/renal dz, addison's, sepsis
73
SI Acute Diarrhea: GIT Etiologies
viral, bacterial, obstruction
74
SI Acute Diarrhea: Tx
supprotive (fluids)
75
LI Acute Diarrhea: Management
diet, anti-parasitics
76
LI Chronic Diarrhea: Management
sulfasalazine, High soluble fiber diet
77
Constipation: Etiologies
diet/environment, pain, obstruction, neurologic, metaolic, drug induced
78
Constipation: Signs
blood +/ mucus, vomit, hyperemic mm, mass palpated,
79
Constipation: Dx
DI, endoscopy
80
Constipation: Tx
correct fluids, laxatives, treat underlying cause
81
Megacolon: Signs
depression, progressive, mass palpated
82
Megacolon: Etiology
irreversible neural dmg =\> no parastalsis
83
Megacolon: Dx
DI, MDB
84
Megacolon: Tx
stool softener, enemas
85
Recto-Anal Fistula: Signs
pain, inflammation, tenesmus, blood/mucus in feces
86
Recto-Anal Fistula: Dx
signs, rectal
87
Recto-Anal Fistula: Tx
clip + clean, ciclosporin, supportive
88
Anal Saculitis: Signs
"scooting", tenesmus, pain
89
Anal Saculitis: Dx
signs, rectal
90
Anal Saculitis: Tx
express +/- lavage, local infusions

Small Animal Medicine (8 decks)

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