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Anatomy and Physiology > exam 1a ch 11 > Flashcards

exam 1a ch 11 Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

anatomy

A

study of structures and relations of their parts

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2
Q

physiology

A

study of the functions of organisms and their parts

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3
Q

anatomical variability

A

the more you study anatomy in different people, the more differences are found

differences do not always equal disorder

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4
Q

major landmarks of the brain

A

gyri/gyrus
sulci/silcrus
corpus callosum
cingulate gyrus
grey matter
white matter

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5
Q

gyri vs sulci

A

gyri-bump
sulci-groove

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6
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

separates two cerebral hemispheres

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7
Q

central sulcus (Fissure of Ronaldo)

A

located by two gyri on either side

precentral gyrus and post central gyrus

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8
Q

precentral gyrus

A

anterior to central sulcus

contains motor strip and motor homunculous

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9
Q

postcentral gyrus

A

posterior to central gyrus

contains sensory strip and homunculus

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10
Q

lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure)

A

separates frontal and temporal lobe

runs along side of the brain and in area important for speech an language

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11
Q

corpus callosum

A

white matter band of fibers that connects two hemispheres

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12
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

above corpus callosum

part of the limbic system

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13
Q

grey matter

A

covers surface of the brain
deep in center

consists of groups of cell bodies of neurons (somas)

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14
Q

basal ganglia

A

groups of cell bodies of neurons

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15
Q

lobes of the brain

A

frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital

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16
Q

frontal

A

includes:
-precentral gyrus and motor strip
-Broca’s area
-prefrontal

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17
Q

Broca’s Area

A

important for speech production

thought to extend to insular lobe due to correlation between Broca’s aphasia and apraxia of speech

possible that insula and Broca’s area coordinate speech

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18
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

separates humans from animals

integrates info
self monitors bx
decides plans and goals
prioritizes

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19
Q

precentral gyrus (motor strip)
regarding number of neurons

A

number of neurons determines complexity of movements (fine motor movement)

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20
Q

parietal lobe

A

includes:
-postcentral gyrus
-Brodmann’s area
-somatosensory association cortex

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21
Q

Brodmann’s Area

A

collection of cells that are numbered and associated with different functions in isolation and combination with another

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22
Q

Brodmann’s Area 1 and 3

A

located on sensory strip

thalamus carries sensory info from skin, muscles, and joints to somatosensory area

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23
Q

Brodmann’s Area 2 and 5

A

transition areas

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24
Q

what makes up the somatosensory association cortex

A

supramarginal gyrus
angular gyrus

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25
supramarginal gyrus
encircles end of sylvian fissure damage= agraphia (inability to write)
26
angular gyrus
extends around posterior end of superior temporal sulcus and posterior to supramarginal gyrus important for word finding and reading
27
temporal lobe
purpose: auditory analysis includes: -primary auditory cortex (Heschl's Gyrus) -unimodal auditory association cortex (Wenicke's Area)
28
primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus)
processes frequency, loudness, tones, and information Brodmann's Areas 41 and 42
29
unimodal auditory association cortex (Wernicke's Area)
responsible for language comprehension Brodmann's Area 22
30
arcuate fasciculus
bundle of fibers from posterior temporal lobe to motor area in frontal lobe connects Wenicke's Area --> Broca's Area damage= conduction aphasia (inability to repeat words/phrases) and mild/moderate comprehension impairments
31
conduction aphasia
inability to repeat words, phrases, sentences
32
inferior temporal lobe (heteromodal association area)
where sensory information comes together in multiple modalities important for visual processing damage=possible prosopagnosia (disorder of facial recognition)
33
occipital lobe
purpose:visual analysis inclused: -primary visual cortex -visual association cortex
34
Brodmann's Area 17
primary visual cortex first stop in visual processing
35
Brodmann's Area 18 and 19
association visual cortex second stop in visual processing
36
secondary lobes
insular limbic
37
insular lobe (Isle of Reil)
(insula) to see- peel back Sylvian Fissure deep in Broca's Area, so thought to be important for speech damage=apraxia and aphasia
38
Limbic Lobe
medial brain structure composed of cingulate gyrus which follows along superior to corpus callosum responsible for primitive functions (fight or flight)
39
Brainstem
extension of spinal cord up into the brain all sensory and motor tracts pass through
40
3 main parts of brain stem
midbrain pons medulla
41
midbrain
corpus quadrigmina narrow and contains tectum (roof) 4 areas of swelling: colliculi inferior- auditory superior-visual
42
substantia nigria
sends dopamine making fibers striatum
43
tegmentum
contains all ascending and descending systems of the spinal cord and lower brain stem
44
Pons
large, rounded structure connected to cerebellar hemispheres latin for bridge (bridge to cerebellum)
45
medulla oblongata
'bulb' rounded, large bulge; enlargement of spinal cord contains tracts and nuclei of different nerves responsible for phonation, VP closure, swallowing, and articulation contains superior olivary nucleus (important for audition)
46
cerebellum
smaller compared to cerebral hemispheres (1/18th of the weight) provides fine motor coordination (coordinates rapid and precise movements during articulation)
47
48
study of structures and relations of their parts
anatomy
49
study of the functions of organisms and their parts
physiology
50
the more you study anatomy in different people, the more differences are found differences do not always equal disorder
anatomical variability
51
gyri/gyrus sulci/silcrus corpus callosum cingulate gyrus grey matter white matter
major landmarks of the brain
52
gyri-bump sulci-groove
gyri vs sulci
53
separates two cerebral hemispheres
longitudinal fissure
54
located by two gyri on either side precentral gyrus and post central gyrus
central sulcus (Fissure of Ronaldo)
55
anterior to central sulcus contains motor strip and motor homunculous
precentral gyrus
56
posterior to central sulcus contains sensory strip and homunculus
postcentral gyrus
57
separates frontal and temporal lobe runs along side of the brain and in area important for speech an language
lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure)
58
white matter band of fibers that connects two hemispheres
corpus callosum
59
above corpus callosum part of the limbic system
cingulate gyrus
60
covers surface of the brain deep in center consists of groups of cell bodies of neurons (somas)
grey matter
61
groups of cell bodies of neurons
basal ganglia
62
frontal parietal temporal occipital
lobes of the brain
63
includes: -precentral gyrus and motor strip -Broca's area -prefrontal
frontal
64
important for speech production thought to extend to insular lobe due to correlation between Broca's aphasia and apraxia of speech possible that insula and Broca's area coordinate speech
Broca's Area
65
separates humans from animals integrates info self monitors bx decides plans and goals prioritizes
prefrontal cortex
66
number of neurons determines complexity of movements (fine motor movement)
precentral gyrus (motor strip) regarding number of neurons
67
includes: -postcentral gyrus -Brodmann's area -somatosensory association cortex
parietal lobe
68
collection of cells that are numbered and associated with different functions in isolation and combination with another
Brodmann's Area
69
located on sensory strip thalamus carries sensory info from skin, muscles, and joints to somatosensory area
Brodmann's Area 1 and 3
70
transition areas
Brodmann's Area 2 and 5
71
supramarginal gyrus angular gyrus
what makes up the somatosensory association cortex
72
encircles end of sylvian fissure damage= agraphia (inability to write)
supramarginal gyrus
73
extends around posterior end of superior temporal sulcus and posterior to supramarginal gyrus important for word finding and reading
angular gyrus
74
purpose: auditory analysis includes: -primary auditory cortex (Heschl's Gyrus) -unimodal auditory association cortex (Wenicke's Area)
temporal lobe
75
processes frequency, loudness, tones, and information Brodmann's Areas 41 and 42
primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus)
76
responsible for language comprehension Brodmann's Area 22
unimodal auditory association cortex (Wernicke's Area)
77
bundle of fibers from posterior temporal lobe to motor area in frontal lobe connects Wenicke's Area --> Broca's Area damage= conduction aphasia (inability to repeat words/phrases) and mild/moderate comprehension impairments
arcuate fasciculus
78
inability to repeat words, phrases, sentences
conduction aphasia
79
where sensory information comes together in multiple modalities important for visual processing damage=possible prosopagnosia (disorder of facial recognition)
inferior temporal lobe (heteromodal association area)
80
purpose:visual analysis inclused: -primary visual cortex -visual association cortex
occipital lobe
81
primary visual cortex first stop in visual processing
Brodmann's Area 17
82
association visual cortex second stop in visual processing
Brodmann's Area 18 and 19
83
insular limbic
secondary lobes
84
(insula) to see- peel back Sylvian Fissure deep in Broca's Area, so thought to be important for speech damage=apraxia and aphasia
insular lobe (Isle of Reil)
85
medial brain structure composed of cingulate gyrus which follows along superior to corpus callosum responsible for primitive functions (fight or flight)
Limbic Lobe
86
extension of spinal cord up into the brain all sensory and motor tracts pass through
Brainstem
87
midbrain pons medulla
3 main parts of brain stem
88
corpus quadrigmina narrow and contains tectum (roof) 4 areas of swelling: colliculi inferior- auditory superior-visual
midbrain
89
sends dopamine making fibers striatum
substantia nigria
90
contains all ascending and descending systems of the spinal cord and lower brain stem
tegmentum
91
large, rounded structure connected to cerebellar hemispheres latin for bridge (bridge to cerebellum)
Pons
92
'bulb' rounded, large bulge; enlargement of spinal cord contains tracts and nuclei of different nerves responsible for phonation, VP closure, swallowing, and articulation contains superior olivary nucleus (important for audition)
medulla oblongata
93
smaller compared to cerebral hemispheres (1/18th of the weight) provides fine motor coordination (coordinates rapid and precise movements during articulation)
cerebellum
94

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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