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Anatomy and Physiology > exam 3 study guide > Flashcards

exam 3 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

cornus elasticus

A

unpaired, cone shaped that connects cricoid, thyroid, arytenoid

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2
Q

laryngoscopy

A

viewing the larynx

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2
Q

direct vs indirect laryngoscopy

A

direct: using instrument to get direct view

indirect: using mirror to reflect light to a mirror reflecting an image of the larynx

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3
Q

endoscopy

A

direct viewing of the larynx

via oral cavity (peroral) or nasal cavity (nasal)

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4
Q

electromyography

A

recording bioelectrical material from muscles of larynx

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5
Q

electroglottalgraph

A
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6
Q

neurochronaxic

A

theory that vocal fold vibration is a result of neural innervation

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7
Q

myoelastic-aerodynamic

A

theory that vocal fold vibration is a result of subglottal pressure

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8
Q

biological and non biological functions of larynx

A

biological:
-prevent foreign substances from entering trachea
-fixate thorax
-expel substances from entering trachea

nonbiological:
-creation of sounds integral for speech production

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9
Q

hyoid bone

A

-U shaped bone in larynx
-only bone that does not connect to another bone
-parts: body, greater horn, and lesser horn

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10
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

-largest and unpaired
-2 thyroid laminae formed by quadrilateral plates that are fused at midline to create an angle (90 in females and 80 in males)
-has V shaped notch on top
-forms Adam’s apple
-has superior and inferior horns

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11
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

-unpaired and ring shaped
-anterior: rounded
-posterior: flat

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12
Q

arytenoid cartilage

A

-paired
-shaped like 3 sided pyramid
(base, apex, and posterior, anterior, and anterio-lateral sides)
-vocal processes: attach to vocal folds via
-muscular processes: attachment for muscles that adduct and abduct vocal folds

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13
Q

epiglottis

A

-unpaired and leaf shaped
-close to prevent food from going into trachea

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14
Q

corniculate

A

-paired
-small horns on top of arytenoid apexes
-probably vestigial

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15
Q

cuneiform

A

-paired and wedge shaped
-embedded in aryepiglottic folds
-vestigial

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16
Q

hypoepiglottis ligament

A

extrinsic
unpaired midline elastic ligament; from anterior surface of epiglottis to body of hyoid

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17
Q

cricotracheal membrane

A

extrinsic
connects to lower border of cricoid with the first tracheal ring

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18
Q

quadrangular

A

instrinsic
upper half of the larynx
false vocal folds

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19
Q

cornus elasticus

A

instrinsic
lower half
unpaired cone shaped
vocal folds are embedded

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20
Q

supraglottal region

A

area above rima glottides/glottis

space between vocal folds

21
Q

subglottal region

A

region below vocal folds

22
Q

sternothyroid

A

-extrinsic muscle
-long slender muscle in front of anterior side of neck
-depresses thyroid cartilage

23
Q

thyrohyoid

A

-extrinsic muscle
-anterior to neck
-narrows distance between the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

24
inferior pharynlaryngeal constrictor
-extrinsic muscle -lines lower part of pharynx
25
suprahyoid muscles
laryngeal elevators
26
digastric
-suprahyoid muscles -two bellies (one in lateral neck/one in anterior neck) -raises hyoid bone or depresses jaw
27
stylohyoid
-suprahyoid muscle -slender muscle superficial to posterior belly of digastric -draws hyoid bone up and down
28
mylohyoid
-suprahyoid muscle -trough shaped and forms floor of mouth -elevates hyoid bone, floor of mouth and tongue -important for deglutition
29
geniohyoid
-suprahyoid muscle -paired cylindrical muscle above mylohyoid -raises hyoid up and forward and depresses mandible
30
hypoglossus
-suprahyoid muscle -extrinsic tongue muscle deep in neck, raise hyoid bone, or depress tongue
31
genioglossus
-suprahyoid muscle -extrinsic tongue muscle -elevates hyoid bone and moves tongue forward
32
sternohyoid
-infrahyoid muscle -flat muscle near anterior surface of neck -depresses hyoid bone
33
omohyoid
-infrahyoid muscle -long narrow and two bellied -on anterolateral surface of neck -have two insertions
34
intrinsic muscles
-both attachments in larynx -provide fine motor movement for speech
35
thyroarytenoid
-intrinsic muscle -paired adductor and tensor -directly associated with phonation -tenses or relaxes to raise of lower speech
36
vocalis muscle
medial portion of thyroarytenoid ordering vocal ligament
37
thyromuscularis
lateral portion of thyroarytenoid
38
poaterior cricoaryntenoid
-intrinsic muscle -paired -only muscle that abducts the vocal folds
39
lateral cricoarytenoid
-intrinsic muscle -paires -shaped like narrow fan -regulated medial compression of vocal folds
40
arytenoid
-intrinsic muscle -oblique: at an angle with a lot of movement: approximates arytenoid cartilages -transverse: horizontal; approximates arytenoid cartilages and adducts vocal folds
41
cricothyroid
-instrinsic muscle -tensor -decreases distance between thyroid lamina and cricoid cartilage = stretching vocal folds
42
thyroid glands
-not a muscle, but covers outer portions of thyroid cartilage -controls metabolic functions
43
cycle of vocal fold vibration
Vocal folds meet at midline to restrict subglottal air pressure. The subglottal pressure increases until vocal folds are blown apart. The vocal folds then return to original shape due to elasticity/ The pressure builds up again and cycle repeats.
44
simulatneous attack
meet at midline where pressure causes them to separate- most desirable
45
breathy attack
air released before vocal folds meet at the midline -excess are projected and voice has breathy quality
46
hard attack
vocal folds held together; release is explosive in nature -release in harsh in nature
47
how to increase pitch
-increases as cross sectional mass decreases as vocal folds are stretched. -Lengthened by cricothyroid muscle and tensed by thyroarytenoid muscle
48
how to decrease pitch
-decrease as cross sectional mass increases. -Thyroarytenoid contracts when not opposed by other muscles; position of larynx rises/falls with pitch
49
cavities of vocal tract
supraglottal subglottal
50
extrinsic muscles of the tongue
hypoglossus and geniohyoid
51

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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