Basic Elements Flashcards
1
Q
anatomy
A
study of organisms and relations of their parts
2
Q
physiology
A
study of the function of structures
3
Q
surface/superficial anatomy
A
studies form of the surfaces of structures
4
Q
cytology
A
study of cells
5
Q
histology
A
study of tissues
6
Q
myology
A
study of muscles
7
Q
anthology
A
study of joints
8
Q
osteology
A
study of bones
9
Q
neurology
A
study of nervous system
10
Q
anatomical positional
A
reference position; standing with arms by side, palms, and feet facing forward
11
Q
axial skeleton
A
bones of the skull and trunk
12
Q
appendicular skeleton
A
bones and of appendages
13
Q
neuraxis
A
axis of the brain
14
Q
superior
A
above
15
Q
inferior
A
below
16
Q
anterior
A
in fromt
17
Q
posterior
A
behind
18
Q
ventral
A
belly
19
Q
dorsal
A
spine/back
20
Q
medial
A
to the middle (most internal bone)
21
Q
lateral
A
to the side (away from bone)
22
Q
cranial
A
to the brain
23
Q
caudal
A
to the tail/butt
24
Q
proximal
A
close to (body core)
25
distal
far from (body core)
26
superficial
closer to external surface (air)
27
deep
closer to external surface (organs)
28
coronal/frontal plane
to separate ventral/dorsal
29
saggital/medial
to separate left/right
30
transverse/horizontal
to separate cranial from caudal
31
adduct
to bring close
32
abduct
to move out/away
33
flexing
bending a joint
34
extension
straightening a joint
35
hyperflexion/dorsiflexion
extending joint too far
36
plantar
toward sole of foot
37
palmar
toward palm of habd
38
inversion
turning inward (medially)
39
eversion
turning outward (laterally)
40
pronate
to lay on ventral surface (belly)
41
supinate
to lay on dorsal surface
42
epithelial tissue
outer layer of cells of the skin and linings of body cavities
-some have glands (secretion), villi (absorption), cilia (movement)
43
simple epithelium
single layer of cells
squamous
44
squamous
square
single layer
flat
(blood/lymphatic vessels, heart, alveoli)
45
compound epithelium
different layers of cells
stratified epithelium
46
stratified epithelium
can be squamous or columnar
(lining of mouth, pharynx, and esophagus)
47
connective tissue
provides structural support
48
striated muscular tissue
skeletal/somatic
voluntary
49
smooth muscular tissue
involuntary
50
nervous system tissues
neurons & glial cells
51
neurons
transfer information; communicating tissue
52
glial cells
nutrient transfer; blood-brain barrier
53
“systems” of speech
phonatory
articulatory
resonatory
54
central nervous system (CNS)
brain & spinal cord
55
central nervous system (CNS)
brain & spinal cord
56
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
nerves in all other parts of the body
57
information sent by nervous system
efferent
motor
58
information received by nervous system
afferent
sensory
59
% of CN innervates the opposite side of the body
90%
60
% of CN innervates the opposite side of the body
90%
61
decussation
to cross over
62
Ipsilateral
same side of the body (left to right)
63
contralateral
opposite side of the body
64
applied anatomy
“clinical anatomy”
application of anatomical study for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and surgery
65
descriptive anatomy
“systemic anatomy”
viewing the body as a composite of systems that function together; not regarding disease
66
gross anatomy
studies structures visible without microscope
67
gross anatomy
studies structures visible without microscope
68
microscopic anatomy
studies structures only visible with microscope
69
developmental anatomy
development of organisms from time of conception
70
pathological anatomy
examines disease conditions or structural abnormalities
71
phonatory system
system through which phonation is achieved
72
articulatory system
system of structures involved in shaping the oral cavity for production of the sounds of speech
73
resonatory system
portion of the vocal tract through which the acoustical product of the vocal fold vibration resonates
