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N1109 - Physical Assessment > Exam 2 - Chpt 12 > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Chpt 12 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

epidermis
dermis
subq layer

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2
Q

epidermis characteristics

A 
tough
made of keratin
contains melanocytes, melanin
thicker on soles, palms
4 week turnover
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3
Q

dermis characteristics

A 
inner supportive layer
made of collagen
resilient, elastic
hair follicles are rooted
contains nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels, lymphatics, sebaceous glands, sweat glands
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4
Q

subq layer characteristics

A

made of adipose tissue

stores fat, insulates, cushions, allows sin to slide over structures underneath

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5
Q

glands and appendages of the skin

A

hair
sebaceous glands
sweat glands
nails

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6
Q

hair is made of ___

A

keratin

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7
Q

two types of hair

A

vellus

terminal

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8
Q

secrete oily sebum, an oily substance, up the hair shaft, that lubricates and waterproofs the skin

A

sebaceous glands

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9
Q

___ ___ is a component of body temperature control

A

sweat production

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10
Q

these glands open directly to surface of the skin and produce sweat

A

eccrine glands

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11
Q

type of sweat gland that are associated with hair follicles that are in armpits and genitals

secretes milky substance that is consumed by bacteria to create musky human odor

A

apocrine

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12
Q

hard plates of keratin

A

nails

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13
Q

what are you look for during inspection and palpation of nails

A

shape, contour
consistency
color
capillary refill

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14
Q

functions of the skin

A 
protection
barrier to infection, water, electrolyte loss
perception
temp. regulation
self-image/recognition
communication
wound repair
excretion of wastes
produce Vitamin D
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15
Q

subjective findings

A 
CC
Hx of present illness
PMHx
Family Hx
ROS
functional assessment
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16
Q

history of present illness

A 
location
character
severity
timing
setting
aggravating, relieving factors
associated factors
pt perception
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17
Q

PMHx

A 
sx hx
recurring problem?
other skin problems?
food, drug allergies
medications
sunburns
tattoos
birthmarks
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18
Q

ROS - integumentary

A 
change in mole?
excessive moisture, dryness
itching, burning
rash, sores
hair loss
hirsuitism (face hair in women)
change in nails
pain
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19
Q

functional assessment - integumentary

A 
usual self care
protection at work, play
wigs, toupees
care during heat
sun avoidance with lupus
what kind of work?
exposures at work, play
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20
Q

how to prepare pt for integumentary assessment

A

warm environment
privacy
uncover area in question or have pt disrobe

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21
Q

inspection - integumentary

A 
color
moisture
texture
thickness
lesions
bruising
vascularity
swelling
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22
Q

palpation - integumentary

A 
temp: assess with back of hand
moisture
texture
thickness
massess
edema
mobility
turgor
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23
Q

normal skin color may have which color overtones

A

yellow, green

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24
Q

skin texture will ___ with ethnic and racial traits

25
thickest skin
palms, soles
26
thinnest skin
oral mucosa, genitals
27
thin, shiny skin may indicate ___
PAD
28
brown skin is indicative of ___
PVD
29
where to assess skin turgor
clavicle
30
ABCDEF
``` asymmetry border irregularities color variation diameter >6mm elevation, enlargement funny looking ```
31
stage 1 pressure ulcer
non-blancable erythema can form within 2 hours
32
stage 2 pressure ulcer
partial-thickness skin loss involves epidermis, possibly dermis
33
stage 3 pressure ulcer
full-thickness skin loss muscle, tendon
34
stage 4 pressure ulcer
full-thickness skin, tissue loss bone
35
types of vascular skin lesions
``` ecchymosis: bruising hemangioma hematoma petechiae port-wine stain purpura spider angioma venous lake ```
36
infectious skin lesions
tinea: yeast rubeola: measles rubella: german measles varicella herpes simple herpes zoster/shingles impetigo
37
allergic/inflammatory skin lesions
contact dermatitis eczema psoriasis
38
malignant skin lesions
BCC SCC melanoma Kaposia's sarcoma: associated with HIV/AIDS
39
infant skin conitions
``` mongolian spots harlequin color change erythema toxicum acrocyanosis physiologic jaundice milia store bites lanugo port-wine stain, other birthmakrs ```
40
adolescent skin conditions
acne blackheads whiteheads
41
pregnant skin conditions
striae linea nigra chloasma: brown patch on face vascular spiders
42
older adult skin conditions
``` senile lentigo: liver spots dry skin acrochordons: skin tags thin skin decrease turgor hair: less, brittle, alopecia nails: rate of growth decreases, brittle, thickness ```
43
if a person has lots of skin tags, assess for ___
diabetes
44
most important environmental risk factor for skin cancer
UV radiation from sun | indoor tanning sources
45
self-skin examinations education
examine once a month well lighted room full length mirror ask significant other to help
46
functions of the skin
``` regulate body temp synthesize vitamin D stores blood, fat excrete body waste protects against heat, UV rays, trauma, and bacteria perceive touch, pressure, pain protect against water, electrolyte loss repair surface ```
47
major function of the cutaneous glands
excrete uric acid, ammonia, Na, K, other metabolic waste regulate temperature protect against bacterial growth soften, lube, waterproof skin and hair resisting water loss in low-humidity environments
48
fine, short hair that grows over the entire body except for lips, nipples, palms of hands, soles of feet, parts of external genitals
vellus hair
49
darker, coarser, longer hair terminal hair is located where?
``` eyebrows scalp axillae pubic region legs face, chest - most men ```
50
trichotillomania
hair twisting, plucking
51
environmental influences of hair, skin, nails
sunlight temperature working with hands
52
circumscribed, painless thickening of the epidermis
callus
53
what causes calluses
pressure weight bearing friction
54
common callus sights
fingers palms toes soles of eet
55
paronychia
frequent, prolonged immersion of hands in water
56
where to assess skin changes for those with dark complexion
``` lips oral mucosa sclera palms of hands conjunctivae ```
57
skin cancer risk factors
``` prolong sun exposure hx skin cancer occupation exposure - chemicals, coal, tar tanning booths immunosuppression ```
58
melanoma risk factors
family hx personal hx moles that are atypical in growth or appearance > 50 moles

N1109 - Physical Assessment (14 decks)

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