Exam 2 - Chpt 17

Question 1

paired mammary glands located on the anterior chest wall

Answer 1

breast

Question 2

circular pigmented field of wrinkled skin

Answer 2

areola

Question 3

areola is speckled with tiny sebaceous glands known as

Answer 3

Montgomery’s glands or Montgomery’s tubercles

Question 4

breast tissue extends superolaterally into the

Answer 4

axilla as the axillary tail

tail of Spence

Question 5

what are breast composed of

Answer 5

glandular tissue
fibrous tissue
adipose tissue

Question 6

how many lobes of glandular tissue per breast

Answer 6

15-20

radiate from the nipple

Question 7

each glandular tissue lobe contains __ to __ lobules that contain acini cells

Answer 7

20-40

Question 8

glandular tissue that produces milk

Answer 8

acini cells

Question 9

carries milk from each lobe to the nipple

Answer 9

lactiferous ducts

Question 10

extend from the connective tissue layer, through the breast, and attach to the fascia underlying the breast

Answer 10

Suspensory ligaments aka Cooper’s ligaments

Question 11

components that affect breasts

Answer 11

age
weight
genetics
general health
menstrual cycle
pregnancy
lactation

Question 12

this extends from each axilla to the groin

Answer 12

mammary ridge aka milk line

Question 13

what may be present along the milk line

Answer 13

supernumerary nipples or breast tissue

Question 14

2 major muscles of the chest wall

Answer 14

pectoralis major

serratus anterior muscles

Question 15

function of the chest wall muscles

Answer 15

support breast and lymphatic tissue

Question 16

overall contour of breasts is determined by ___ ___

Answer 16

suspensory ligaments

Question 17

yearly mammograms should begin at which age for those at average risk for breast cancer

Answer 17

45 y/o

Question 18

being aware of the appearance and feel of one’s own breasts

Answer 18

breast self-awareness

Question 19

common reason women do not receive recommended breast cancer screenings

Answer 19

lack of access to care

ex: no regular healthcare, no insurance, lower socioeconomic status, lack of education

Question 20

modifiable risk factors for breast cancer

Answer 20

alcohol intake (< 1/day)
high fat diet
lack of physical activity
obesity

Question 21

breast cancer is more often Dx in which race

Answer 21

Caucasians, followed by African Americans

Question 22

although Caucasians have the highest prevalence of breast cancer, which race is more likely to die from breast cancer more commonly seen if < 45 y/

Answer 22

African Americans

Question 23

mastalgia

Answer 23

breast pain

often associated with menstrual cycle (cyclic)

Question 24

precautions used for breast exam

Answer 24

standard

Question 25

lactation not associated with childbearing

Answer 25

galactorrhea

Question 26

breast enlargement in males

Answer 26

gynecomastia

Question 27

position for male breast palpation exam

Answer 27

supine

Question 28

thickening of the normal breast tissue

Answer 28

fibrocystic breast disease

Question 29

benign tumor of the glandular tissue of the breast

Answer 29

fibroadenoma

Question 30

fibroadenoma is commonly in which ages

Answer 30

15-35

Question 31

tiny growths of epithelial cells that project into the lumen of the lactiferous ducts common cause of nipple discharge in women who are not pregnant or lactating; common in menopausal women

Answer 31

intraductal papilloma

Question 32

inflammation of the lactiferous ducts behind the nipple

Answer 32

mammary duct ectasia

Question 33

breast are divided into how many quadrants

Answer 33

4 | tail of spence

Question 34

location of most breast tumors

Answer 34

upper, outer quadrant

Question 35

Tanner staging

Answer 35

5 stages of breast development

Question 36

the beginning of adult breast development

Answer 36

thelarche

Question 37

the only breast structures present at birth

Answer 37

lactiferous ducts

Question 38

breast begin to develop at which age?

Answer 38

8-13 y/o

Question 39

what are the 5 Tanner stages

Answer 39

``` preadolescent breast bud breast, areola enlarge secondary mound mature breast ```

Question 40

what occurs during preadolescent Tanner staging

Answer 40

only papilla is elevated

Question 41

what occurs during breast bud Tanner staging

Answer 41

enlargement, widening of areola | mound like elevation of breast papilla

Question 42

what occurs during breast, areola enlarge Tanner staging

Answer 42

further enlargement of breast and areola no separation of contours

Question 43

what occurs during secondary mound Tanner Staging

Answer 43

projection of areola and papilla to from secondary mound above level of breast further enlargement

Question 44

what occurs during mature breast Tanner staging

Answer 44

projection of papilla areola recesses to the mature contour of the breast

Question 45

average time it takes to go from stage 2-5 Tanner staging

Answer 45

3 years

Question 46

breast development precedes menarche by an average of how many years

Answer 46

2 years usually around age 12

Question 47

adolescent puberty changes occurs what age?

Answer 47

8-9 y/o African Americans | 10 y/o in Caucasians

Question 48

breast volume is least in which days of the cycle

Answer 48

days 4-7

Question 49

colostrum may be expressed after how many months

Answer 49

4

Question 50

African American girls being puberty how much sooner than Caucasian girls?

Answer 50

1-1.5 years

Question 51

African American girls begin mensturating how much sooner than Caucasian girls?

Answer 51

8.5 months

Question 52

breast enlargement, nodular consistency begins during which month of pregnant

Answer 52

2

Question 53

how long is colostrum produced

Answer 53

until 1-3 days PP

Question 54

after menopause, how do breast feel and why

Answer 54

firm, stringy d/t fibrous and calcificaiton

Question 55

during health hx, it is important to ask if which type of meds have been or are being used

Answer 55

hormonal, HRT

Question 56

special maneuvers that help screen for retraction

Answer 56

hands above head hands on hips hands together

Question 57

what to palpate before the breast

Answer 57

axillae

Question 58

methods of breast exam

Answer 58

spokes on wheel (nipple, out) concentric circles (out to periphery; counter clockwise) vertical strip pattern

Question 59

ends breast exam by doing what to the nipple

Answer 59

depressing, squeezing

Question 60

which method of breast exam is recommended to detect breast masses

Answer 60

vertical strip

Question 61

examination of women with large or pendulous breast

Answer 61

sitting lean forward support inferior part of breast with one hand, palpate down with the other

Question 62

when should women perform SBE

Answer 62

3-5 days after menses | same day each month for menopausal women

Question 63

SBE teaching for assessing nipple retraction, skin dimpling

Answer 63

hold arms above head

Question 64

breast cancer risk factors

Answer 64

``` female > 50 y/o personal hx of BC BRCA 1, 2 genes 1st degree family hx previous bx showing atypical hyperplasia previous breast irradiation menarche < 12 menopause >50 first child after 30; no children PO birth control long-term HRT not breast feeding 2-5 alcohol drinks daily obesity, high fat diet - esp. after menopause physical inactivity ```

Question 65

has smoking been identified as a risk factor for breast cancer?

Answer 65

NO

Question 66

males > 50 y/o may have gynecomastia d/t

Answer 66

estrogenic meds for prostate cancer

Question 67

is there a direct link between fibrocystic breast disease and breast cancer?

Answer 67

NO

Question 68

discharge color with intraductal papilloma

Answer 68

thin, watery possible blood tinge normal, benign finding