Exam 3 - Abdomen

Question 1

largest cavity in the body

Answer 1

abdomen

Question 2

abdominal landmarks

Answer 2

xiphoid process
umbilicus
pubic bones
**specified in PPT

costal margin
iliac crests

Question 3

how may abdominal quadrants are there?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

anatomic structures located midline?

Answer 4

aorta
bladder
uterus

Question 5

what does the RUQ contain?

Answer 5

liver
gallbladder
pyloric sphincter
duodenum
pancreas (head)
R kidney + R adrenal gland
ascending, transverse colon

Question 6

What does the RLQ contain?

Answer 6

cecum
appendix
ascending colon
R ovary, uterine tube
R ureter
R spermatic cord

Question 7

what does the LUQ contain?

Answer 7

L lobe of liver
spleen
stomach
pancreas (body)
L kidney + L adrenal gland
splenic flexure of colon
transverse, descending colon

Question 8

what does the LLQ contain?

Answer 8

sigmoid colon
descending colon
L ovary + uterine tube
L ureter
L spermatic cord

Question 9

where do you palpate if you suspect your pt has bladder distention?

Answer 9

suprapubic

Question 10

what is the area superior to the umbilicus?

Answer 10

epigastric

Question 11

what is the area inferior to the umbilicus?

Answer 11

suprapubic

Question 12

where is referred gallbladder pain felt?

Answer 12

scapular region

Question 13

what is included in a function assessment?

Answer 13

diet
eating alone
bottle feeding
introduction of solid food

Question 14

labs re: stomach

Answer 14

H. Pylori

Question 15

labs re: liver

Answer 15

ALT, AST, ALP
LDH
hepatic antigens
bilirubin
ammonia
albumin

Question 16

labs re: pancreas

Answer 16

amylase
lipase
glucose
calcium

Question 17

pt positioning for abdominal exam

Answer 17

supine
head on pillow
knees bent
arms at side or across chest

Question 18

horizontal line from the costal margin to suprapubic is straight

Answer 18

flat abdomen

Question 19

horizontal line from the costal margin to suprapubic is curved outward

Answer 19

round, convex

*normal finding in toddler, pregnancy

Question 20

horizontal line from costal margin to suprapubic is greater curved outward; stretched appearance

Answer 20

protuberant

*anticipated in pregnancy; can be seen with obesity, ascites

Question 21

horizontal line from costal margin to suprapubic is curves inward, sunken appearance

Answer 21

scaphoid, concave

Question 22

weakness in the abdominal wall/muscle that bowel protrudes through

Answer 22

hernia

Question 23

types of hernias

Answer 23

ventral
umbilical
inguinal

Question 24

who may you seen pulsations in?

Answer 24

thin individuals

Question 25

which quadrant do you start in when listening to abdominal sounds?

Answer 25

RLQ

Question 26

how long to auscultate for absent bowel sounds?

Answer 26

5 minutes

Question 27

very hyperactive bowel sounds are called

Answer 27

borborygymus

Question 28

borborygmus is indicative of

Answer 28

bowel obstruction | ileus

Question 29

how to test for pyelonephritis

Answer 29

percuss CVA

Question 30

when do you palpate a tender area?

Answer 30

last

Question 31

if pt has possible appendicitis, aortic aneurysm, or recent organ transplant, or polycysistic kidneys, would you palpate the abdomen?

Answer 31

No.

Question 32

how far to press for light palpation

Answer 32

1 cm

Question 33

how far to press for deep plapation

Answer 33

5 cm may need 2 hands

Question 34

s/sx of pertonitis

Answer 34

abdomen rigid, hard, distended, tender N/VD fever, chills

Question 35

causes of pertonitis

Answer 35

ruptured organ free air in abdomen trauma

Question 36

colicky pain

Answer 36

sharp, localized GI or renal pain comes in goes in wavelike spasms; restlessness

Question 37

what can cause a false positive occult blood

Answer 37

eating red meat

Question 38

how many more times do you have to perform a guiac test if the first one is positive

Answer 38

2

Question 39

what to ask pts before a guiac test?

Answer 39

any recent black, tarry stools

Question 40

meds that can cause GI bleeds

Answer 40

ASA arthritis meds/NSAIDS steriods

Question 41

what can cause GI bleed

Answer 41

ulcers diverticulitis colon/rectal cancer hemorrhoids

Question 42

colon, rectal cancer risk factors

Answer 42

``` smoking high red meat diet obesity diabetes family hx ```

Question 43

if you can feel the spleen, what should you do?

Answer 43

stop palpating, this is an abnormal finding. the spleen should not be palpable

Question 44

how to assess for rebound tenderness

Answer 44

push down slowly and deeply in an area away from the painful area release quickly

Question 45

what occurs during abnormal rebound tenderness

Answer 45

pain after area is release

Question 46

what is a + rebound tenderness called

Answer 46

Blumberg's sign

Question 47

how to assess for cholecystitis

Answer 47

push into RUQ pt takes a deep breath in pain felt on inspiration is abnormal

Question 48

test used to assess for cholecystitis

Answer 48

Murphy's sign

Question 49

how to assess for appendicitis

Answer 49

pt lies supine, lift R leg pt keeps leg up push down on R thigh abnormal: pain, can not keep leg raised

Question 50

elderly have slower gastric emptying which puts them at risk for

Answer 50

aspiration

Question 51

considerations for elderly abdominal assessment

Answer 51

``` increase fat abdomen, hips decreased muscle tone palpate organs easier c/o less pain dry mouth slower esophageal, gastric emptying decrease absorption of nutrients, vitamins and minerals increase diverticulosis, gallbladder disease slow med metabolism constipation anorexia ```