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A&P (Fall 2022) > Exam 2 Cranial Blood flow > Flashcards

Exam 2 Cranial Blood flow Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 brain feed arteries?

A

2 vertebral arteries & 2 internal carotids

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2
Q

Which artery is larger? The vertebral or internal carotid?

A

Internal carotid

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3
Q

Which arteries run through the transverse foramen?

A

Vertebral arteries

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4
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries enter the skull?

A

With the brainstem in the foramen magnum

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5
Q

The vertebral arteries combine into _________ artery, which sits on top of the _____?

A

Basilar, PONS

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6
Q

The Basilar artery splits to become the?

A

Posterior arteries

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7
Q

What structure connects all parts of the brain’s blood supply?

A

Circle of Willis

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8
Q

The ____ arteries perfuse the posterior brain & the _____ perfuse the anterior brain.

A

Vertebral & carotid

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9
Q

The ICA’s become the ____ & perfuse the ___ of the brain?

A

Middle cerebral artery & middle

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10
Q

The anterior cerebral artery branches of which artery?

A

The middle cerebral artery

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the Circle of Willis?

A

Provide collateral flow when there are blockages in the main arteries

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12
Q

What are the 2 parts of the anterior cerebral artery?

A

Part A1 Pre-communicating art is before anterior communicating artery & Part A2 Post-communicating art is past the anterior communicating artery.

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13
Q

____ & _____ are part of the Circle of Willis & ___ & ____ are extensions of the Circle of Willis.

A

A1 & P1 / A2 & P2

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14
Q

How many communicating arteries & cerebral arteries are there?

A

3 & 3

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15
Q

How many arteries are there for the cerebellum & their names?

A

Superior cerebellar artery, Anterior Inferior artery, & Posterior Inferior artery.

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16
Q

How many arteries are there for the cerebellum & their names?

A

Superior cerebellar artery, Anterior Inferior artery, & Posterior Inferior artery.

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17
Q

The superior cerebellar arteries branch of the ______, the Posterior Inferior arteries branch off the ___ & the Anterior Inferior arteries branch off the ___?

A

Basilar artery, Vertebral arteries, Basilar artery

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18
Q

Having a stroke in the _____ cerebral artery would be the worst kind of stroke.

A

Middle cerebral artery

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19
Q

What are a lot of cranial veins composed of & why?

A

Dura mater extensions. Are fibrous = more rigid.

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20
Q

True or false. Most cranial veins do not have smooth muscle.

A

True Only the very small ones on top of the Pia layer do

21
Q

Where is O2 saturation of the brain measured & what is it supposed to be?

A

On the internal jugular vein (SjO2 & around 70 - 75%).

22
Q

At what SjO2 level should one become concerned & intervene?

A

Around 60%

23
Q

Which side of jugular veins is usually larger in people?

A

The right side 65%

24
Q

Which vein drains blood into the superior vena cava?

A

The brachiocephalic vein

25
Q

What vein sits on top of the Falx cerebri?

A

The superior sagittal sinus

26
Q

Arachnoid granulations are in which vein?

A

The superior sagittal sinus

27
Q

Which vein sits on top of the corpus collosum?

A

The inferior sagittal sinus

28
Q

The inferior sagittal sinus turns into the _____ and then drains into the ____.

A

Straight Sinus & Confluence of the sinuses

29
Q

The superior sagittal sinus drains into what?

A

Confluence of the sinuses

30
Q

Which vein wraps around the brainstem & what is another name for it?

A

Great cerebral vein or vein of Galen

31
Q

What is the function of the vein of Galen?

A

Drain blood coming of the cerebellum

32
Q

If the vein of Galen is not functioning properly it can cause what & why?

A

Signs of hydrocephalus, because it wraps around brainstem, ventricular system, & cerebellum and would cause issues if not properly draining.

33
Q

Which cranial vein would one want to have least problems with?

A

Vein of Galen or the Great cerebral vein

34
Q

What is the main drain point for most cranial veins?

A

The great cerebral vein

35
Q

The straight sinus connects what two things?

A

The inferior sagittal sinus & the Confluence of sinuses

36
Q

The straight sinus connects what two things?

A

The inferior sagittal sinus & the Confluence of sinuses

37
Q

The Confluence of sinus drains into the ____ which then drain into the ____ &then thru the ___foramen into the ____ veins?

A

Transverse sinuses, Sigmoid sinuses, jugular foramen & jugular veins

38
Q

What is the Cavernous Sinus is responsible for?

A

Venous drainage of the anterior skull & the eyes.

39
Q

What is the landmark for the Confluence of Sinus?

A

The external occipital protuberance

40
Q

The most superior part of the nuchal ligament connects to what structure?

A

The external occipital protuberance

41
Q

What are the most likely causes of a cranial aneurysm?

A

HTN, DM, alcoholism, high cholesterol, age

42
Q

Subarachnoid aneurysm is caused by venous or arterial blood?

A

Arterial

43
Q

What is the worst place to have an aneurysm & what are they called?

A

Circle of Willis called Barry aneurysm

44
Q

A hemorrhagic stroke can lead to what & why?

A

To an ischemic stroke due to byproducts entering the CSF causing vasospasm.

45
Q

Damage to what structure/s is mostly likely the cause of a subdural hematoma?

A

Damage to sinuses or venous vessels feeding the sinuses.

46
Q

What is the most common artery causing an epidural hematoma?

A

The Middle meningeal artery

47
Q

Blunt force trauma is most likely to cause what kind of hematoma?

A

Epidural hematoma

48
Q

What are the sings & symptoms of an epidural hematoma?

A

Nausea, vomiting, weakness, balance problems

49
Q

Where does a lot of cognition in the cerebral cortex happen?

A

On the periphery (gray matter)

A&P (Fall 2022) (12 decks)

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