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A&P (Fall 2022) > Exam 2 Spine anatomy > Flashcards

Exam 2 Spine anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What nerves control the diaphragm?

A

C3, C4, C5

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2
Q

Which spinous processes bi-fork?

A

C-2 thru C-5

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3
Q

What is the Vertebra Prominens?

A

C-7’s spinous process

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4
Q

What do Vertebral arteries pass thru in the cervical section?

A

Transverse foramen

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5
Q

Why are the Transverse process in the neck are U-shaped?

A

to house spinal nerves

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6
Q

C-1 Atlas Info

A
  • No process & no body but has Anterior arch
  • No intervertebral disc between C-1 & C-2
  • Anterior tubercle
  • Superior articular facets hold base of skull connect to Occipital condyles
  • Posterior arch
  • Posterior tubercle
  • Inferior articular process connects to C-2
  • Facet for dens connects to Dens of C-2
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7
Q

How does C-2 connect to C-1?

A

Anterior articular facet connects to posterior side of the anterior arch of C-1

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8
Q

What are interlaminar foramen?

A
  • Posterior openings underneath spinous processes & lamina
  • Opens up more with leaning forward
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9
Q

Spinal ligaments are made of?

A

collagen

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10
Q

Ligamentum flava composed of?
Connects what?
Where is it present?

A
  • Like thick rubber band. Very stretchy due to Elastin
  • Connects vertebral arches
  • Runs inside the vertebral arch (U-shaped)
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11
Q

What runs the entire length of spine & is used as structural reinforcement?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

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12
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament is where?

A

Runs inside of vertebral bodies

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13
Q

What sits on top of spinous processes?

A

Supraspinous ligament

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14
Q

What connects each spinous processes

A

Interspinous ligaments

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15
Q

Intertransverse ligaments connect?

A

connect tips of transverse processes

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16
Q

Spinal Block goes thru? (in order)

A

Thru Supraspinous ligament then interspinous ligament then ligamentum flava

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17
Q

Why is posterior thoracic access difficult?

A

Fairly large spinous processes angling inferior.

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18
Q

Why are there flat spots on the thoracic bodies?

A

Left side due to aorta

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19
Q

What are the posterior rib connections?

A

superior & inferior costal facets or to costal facets of transverse processes

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20
Q

What makes up the sternal angle?

A

Rib2 connects to manubrium & body.

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21
Q

Which ribs have direct contact to sternum?

A

Ribs 3-7

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22
Q

What are false ribs?

A

Ribs 8-10. connect indirectly to sternum vvia cartilage.

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23
Q

Floating ribs are

A

Ribs 11-12

24
Q

Which bodies are oval?

A

Lumbar

25
Q

Where are the largest processes?

A

Lumbar

26
Q

Spinal nerves exit through the?

A

Intervertebral foramen also called intervertebral pedicles

27
Q

On what structure does L-5 sit?

A

Sacrum Promontory

28
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L-1.
- Below that will be roots but no core.

29
Q

CSF punctures best done where?

A

Below L-1/L-2= Less chance of injury. But CSF might be a bit older.

30
Q

Sacrum connects to Lumbar spine where?

A

Superior articular process connects to inferior articular facet of L-5

31
Q

What are the Transverse lines

A

where the Sacrum fused together.

32
Q

What cavities are above & below the sacral promontory?

A
  • Above Promontory is the abdominal cavity
  • Below the Promontory is the pelvic cavity
33
Q

Sacral canal comes into existence how?

A

Results from fusion of vertebral foramen.

34
Q

Where are most sacral spinal nerves?

A

Sacral canal holds spinal nerves

35
Q

What are Sacral foramina?

A
  • Anterior larger nerves exit
  • Posterior smaller nerves exit there
36
Q

The fusion of spinous processes results in?

A

Median sacral crest

37
Q

Fusion of transverse processes results in?

A

Lateral sacral crests (L & R)

37
Q

Fusion of transverse processes results in?

A

Lateral sacral crests (L & R)

38
Q

Fusion of superior & inferior articular processes results in?

A

Medial sacral crests

39
Q

Coccyx formed from & info?

A
  • Fusion of coccygeal vertebrae.
  • C-1 stays on its own
  • C-2 – C-4 fuse to form coccygeal vertebrae #2
40
Q

Iliac crest landmark?

A

Most superior part

41
Q

Easy way to find L-4’s body?

A

Line drawn from L to R iliac crest will be L-4 body

42
Q

What are next to the pubic symphysis?

A

Pubic tubercles= 1 on each side of the pubic symphysis

43
Q

Inguinal ligament connects?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle.

44
Q

What is inferior to the inguinal ligament?

A

Femoral artery & vein.

45
Q

Iliolumbar ligament connects

A

L-4 transverse processes to top of sacrum

46
Q

Posterior sacrococcygeal connects?

A

Posterior superior iliac spine to sacrum

47
Q

What covers intervertebral surfaces?

A

Hyaline cartilage end plate

48
Q

What envelops the Nucelus pulposus?

A

Annulus fibrosis

48
Q

What envelops the Nucelus pulposus?

A

Annulus fibrosis

49
Q

What gives flexibility & shock absorption

A

Nucleus puposus

50
Q

What gives flexibility & shock absorption

A

Nucleus puposus

51
Q

Crossing fibers are there for & found where?

A
  • give great amount of stability
  • more in the front compared to posterior.
52
Q

Rupture or bulging disc happens where & treatment options?

A
  • Most likely towards rear or side.

Treatment:
- Remove some bone.

  • Excise herniation
  • Rods if instability –> reduces tension.
  • Fusions: over time puts more stress on discs superior & inferior to fusion.
53
Q

How many spinal veins are there?

A

Anterior=1
Posterior= 3

54
Q

An afferent signal is send thru what part of the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal horn

A&P (Fall 2022) (12 decks)

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