Exam 2 - Elimination

Question 1

what system wants to store urine?

Answer 1

sympathetic

Question 2

what system wants to eliminate urine?

Answer 2

parasympathetic

Question 3

what does acH do to the urinary sphincters?

Answer 3

relaxes them

Question 4

what is the equation for adequate output per hour

Answer 4

0.5 to 1.0 ml per kg

use pt weight

Question 5

what is the average output per hour

Answer 5

30 ml

Question 6

what percent of long term care residents have urinary incontinence?

Answer 6

50 - 75%

Question 7

what percent of the community have urinary incontinence?

Answer 7

20% (38% women)

Question 8

how does age effect urinary incontinence

Answer 8

worsening bladder innervation
sphincter control loss
decreased bladder elasticity

Question 9

what are the different types of urinary incontinence?

Answer 9

stress
urge
mix
functional
overflow
reflex

Question 10

what is stress incontinence

Answer 10

inadequate sphincter control

caused by coughing and sneezing

Question 11

what is urge incontinence

Answer 11

overactive bladder

uncontrollable detrusor contractions

Question 12

what is mixed incontinence

Answer 12

urge and stress together

Question 13

what is overflow incontinence

Answer 13

incomplete bladder emptying

no urge, just happens

Question 14

what is reflex incontinence

Answer 14

muscle spasms and leaks urine with no urgency

Question 15

what is functional incontinence

Answer 15

inability to reach bathroom on time

Question 16

treatment of urge incontinence

Answer 16

detrol, ditropan

anticholergenics that reduce bladder spasm

Question 17

treatment of overflow incontinence for men

Answer 17

proscar
flomax
TURP

Question 18

what is proscars action

Answer 18

reduce prostate size

androgen inhibitor

Question 19

what is flowmax action

Answer 19

peripheral anti androgenics

reduce the contraction of smooth muscle

Question 20

TURP

Answer 20

trans uretheral resection of the prostate

Question 21

treatment of overflow incontinence in women

Answer 21

kegal
pessary
surgery

Question 22

treatment of stress incontinence

Answer 22

botox
estrogen
duloxetine

Question 23

what does duloxetine do?

Answer 23

increase sphincteral contraction

Question 24

what are diagnostic reasons to insert a catheter

Answer 24

specimen collection

strict output measurements

Question 25

what are therapeutic reasons to insert a catheter

Answer 25

``` urinary retention comfort care for those terminally ill wound healing surgery immobility ```

Question 26

what are some urinary incontinence complications

Answer 26

``` skin breakdown poor wound healing falls dehydration institutionalizing decreased social interaction poor adherence depression ```

Question 27

what are the different types of catheters

Answer 27

``` straight foley/indwelling coude condom suprapubic ```

Question 28

risks with catherization

Answer 28

infection trauma to urethra bladder retraining

Question 29

what is the normal pH of a urinalysis

Answer 29

between 4.6 and 8.0

Question 30

what type of laxative would be appropriate for a patient who you wouldn't want to strain, such as someone who has had an MI.

Answer 30

stool softener such as colace or metamucil

Question 31

which laxative is used to prep for a colonoscopy?

Answer 31

colyte

Question 32

what type of laxative allows mass to be added to stool and used in watery diarrhea

Answer 32

metamucil

Question 33

what laxative allows you to have it at night and have results in the morning?

Answer 33

dulcolax (bisacodyl)

Question 34

which laxative is least harmful when used for a while

Answer 34

metamucil because it just adds fiber

Question 35

which laxative gives a lot of stimulus to initiate peristalsis

Answer 35

dulcolax sinnacot (sennosides) stimulant laxatives

Question 36

which laxative should be avoided for renal failure

Answer 36

magnesium ones

Question 37

which laxative causes a gelatinous mass to form and lodge into the esophagus if it is not taken with enough water

Answer 37

metamucil | follow up with another glass or water

Question 38

which laxative may decrease absorption of antibiotics

Answer 38

any except stool softeners

Question 39

which laxative causes dependence

Answer 39

the stimulants

Question 40

which laxative and which route allows for quickest results?

Answer 40

dulcolax suppository

Question 41

what happens if you give a stimulant laxative on an empty stomach

Answer 41

it will work faster

Question 42

name a laxative that can be given rectally and PO

Answer 42

dulcolax | docusate

Question 43

what type of laxative may cause electrolyte imbalance?

Answer 43

milk of magnesia

Question 44

what type of laxative requires you to not eat at least 2 hours before?

Answer 44

osmotic - golytely and colyte

Question 45

how does aging effect the GI system?

Answer 45

``` slowing peristalsis slowing motility slowing gastric secretions decreased sensation to defecate reduced strength in pelvic muscles ```

Question 46

what type of blood tests are run to look at urinary system function?

Answer 46

``` BUN creatine electrolytes GFR TSH Ca Glucose ```

Question 47

what does the BUN test tell you?

Answer 47

how much urea nitrogen is in the blood | indicates how the kidneys and liver are functioning

Question 48

what is the TSH test tell you?

Answer 48

how the thyroid is working

Question 49

what is the creatine blood test telling you?

Answer 49

kidney function

Question 50

what does the bladder scanner and postvoidal residual tell us?

Answer 50

how much urine is left in the bladder

Question 51

what does uroflowmetry tell us

Answer 51

urine speed and volume

Question 52

what does cystometric tell us

Answer 52

quantity of urine in bladder and pressure in the bladder

Question 53

what does cystoscopy tell us

Answer 53

visual examination of urethra and bladder with scope

Question 54

what does voiding cysturethragram (VCUG) show

Answer 54

able to visualize urthravesicular angle

Question 55

what does intravenous pyleogram (IVP) show us?

Answer 55

X-rays of kidney and bladder using contrast

Question 56

what are the types of enemas

Answer 56

``` tap or soap saline fleets lubricants return flow ```

Question 57

what position should the patient be in for an enema

Answer 57

left lateral sims position

Question 58

how far should the tip go in for an enema

Answer 58

3-4 inches

Question 59

how many ml should be administered in an enema

Answer 59

750 to 1000

Question 60

why should a tap water enema not be administered repeatedly?

Answer 60

in fear or toxicity or circulatory overload

Question 61

what do soapsud enemas do?

Answer 61

cause intestinal irritation

Question 62

what are the precautions for a soapsud enema?

Answer 62

it can lead to electrolyte imbalance and damaged in pregnant and elders

Question 63

what is a safer alternative to a soapsud enema?

Answer 63

normal saline

Question 64

what enemas relieve flatulence and abdominal distension

Answer 64

return flow | carminative

Question 65

what type of medicated enemas are there?

Answer 65

neomyocin

Question 66

why do we give medicated enemas?

Answer 66

reduce bacteria in the bowel

Question 67

what is a fleet enema?

Answer 67

slows absorption of water from the stool

Question 68

what causes hemorrhoids

Answer 68

extreme pressure on veins that cause them to swell

Question 69

what is a rectocele

Answer 69

weakening of area between ass and vagina

Question 70

prolapsed rectum

Answer 70

falling out butthole

Question 71

what does a guaic stool test fo

Answer 71

blood in the feces

Question 72

abdominal xray

Answer 72

obstruction

Question 73

labs

Answer 73

thyroid function electrolytes cbc