Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nursing 120 > Exam 3 - Fluid and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

-natremia

A

sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

-kalemia

A

potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

-calcemia

A

calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

-magnesemia

A

magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the range for sodium?

A

136 to 145 mEq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the range for potassium?

A

3.5 to 5.0 mEq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the range for calcium?

A

8.5 to 10.2 mEq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the range of magnesium?

A

1.3 to 2.1 mEq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what should urine output be per hour (at least)?

A

0.5 mL per kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what type of fluid is electrolytes found in?

A

both intra and extracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the major player for extra cellular fluid?

A

sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what compartment has most fluid?

A

ICF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is ECF made up of

A

interstitial, intravascular and other… including lymph and synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what type of movement is osmosis?

A

pulling of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the major player of ICF?

A

potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

to what concentration does osmosis move?

A

high to low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does diffusion rate depend on

A

size of molecule, temperature and concentration of solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is filtration or hydrostatic pressure?

A

pushing action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what direction does the fluid and solutes go on the arterial side of the cap bed?

A

outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which is higher, the arterial capillary pressure or the venous?

A

arterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is isotonic osmolality?

A

fluid in each compartment stays put

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is hypertonic osmolality?

A

fluid in ICF moves out – cells shrink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is hypotonic osmolality?

A

fluid in ECF moves in – cells swell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does thirst/fluid intake trigger? what regulates thirst and fluid intake?

A

angiotensin/hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what does ADH do?
regulates excretion from the kidneys- wants water reabsorbed
26
what is the atrial natriuretic system?
counter increase in BP and volume from renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
27
what is the primary regulator of the electrolytes and body fluids?
kidneys
28
how do the kidneys play a role in acid base regulation?
excrete hydrogen ion and retain bicarb
29
what does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system do?
retain sodium and water (increase BP)
30
edema
accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces
31
localized edema
organ or site of injury
32
dependent edema
feet/legs or buttocks
33
generalized edema
more uniform distribution
34
what is third spacing?
shifts of fluid from vascular space to unavailable location
35
how is edema caused by decreased capillary oncotic pressure?
pushed out what it needed and vascular did not want it
36
how is edema caused by increase capillary hydrostatic pressure?
capillary has too much pressure and venous is also too high
37
how is edema caused by increased capillary permeability?
too much left the capillary
38
what is fluid volume deficit? | hypovolemia
the isotonic loss of water and electrolytes
39
what are some causes of hypovolemia?
excessive sweating vomitting/diarrhea high drainage wound
40
what are some signs and symptoms of hypovolemia?
``` hyperthermia tachycardia weak pulse dizziness thirst pale ```
41
what are nursing interventions for hypovolemia? (8)
``` assess manifestations weight and VS turgor and mucous membranes BUN and creatine administer fluids (isotonic) frequent mouth care prevent skin breakdown fix underlying cause ```
42
what is low pH
acidic
43
what is high pH
alkalosis
44
what is a normal pH
7.35 to 7.45
45
how is a pH balanced?
``` renal system (slowest) respiratory system (2nd) buffers (quickest) ```
46
how much mEq/L should be in each compartment?
154 in ecf and 196 to icf
47
what is a buffer
neutralizes the excess acid or bases (chemical line of defense)
48
what is the role of the respiratory system in acid base balance?
eliminate or retain carbon dioxide
49
what happens when breaths are deep and fast?
co2 leaves and pH rises
50
what happens when breaths are shallow and slow?
retain co2 and pH lowers
51
what is the respiratory buffer?
co2
52
pco2 numbers
35 to 45
53
how does the renal system work to maintain acid base balance?
regulates through excreting or conserving bicarb or hydrogen ions
54
what is the renal systems main mechanism function?
kidneys
55
what is the renal systems player
HCo3
56
HCO3 numbers
22-26
57
what is respiratory acidosis
retention of co2
58
what is the panic level of sodium
110
59
what is the panic level of potassium
2.5 / 6.6
60
what is the panic level of chloride
80
61
what is the manic level of pH
7.2 or 7.6
62
what is the panic level of paCO2
20/70
63
what is the panic level of HCO3
10/40
64
what is the panic level of paO2
40
65
what is the panic level of saO2
50%
66
what is fluid volume excess
isotonic gain of water and electrolytes
67
causes of hypervolemia
chronic stimulus for kidneys to retain renal function abnorms age intake sodium excess
68
what is distinct difference between over hydrations and FVE
increase in electrolytes and BUN/Creatine
69
nurisng interventions for FVE (11)
``` assess manifestations monitor weight and VS assess for edema assess breath sounds monitor I and O monitor lab findings place in fowlers administer diuretics restrict fluid intake restrict sodium implement measures for skin breakdown ```
70
what two electrolytes don't like each other?
potassium and sodium
71
what are the main target cells for sodium?
nerve and muscle cells and influence water distribution
72
what does potassium regulate?
cell excitability
73
what is calcium the major cation for
teeth and bones; muscles must have to contract
74
what does chloride do?
affects body pH, maintain acid base
75
what does phosphate do
hydrogen buffer; promotes energy storage
76
what does bicarb do
regulate acid base balance
77
``` lethargy confusion coma headache apprehension seizures ``` may be what?
hyponatremia
78
hypernatremia causes
``` "model" Medications/meals Osmotic diuretics Diabetes insipidus Excessive h20 loss Low H20 intake ```
79
hypernatremia signs and symptoms
``` "FRIED" Fever/flush skin Restless and irritable Increase fluid retention and high BP Edema Decreased urine output/dry mouth ```
80
hypokatremia signs
weakness | constipation
81
hyperkalemia signs (8)
``` muscle twitches cramps irritability anxiety low BP EKG changes dysrythmias diarrhea ```
82
how to check for hypocalcemia
chovestks | trousseau
83
hypocalcemia
bleeding gums
84
hypercalcemia
``` kidney stones lethargy anxiety nausea constipation anorexia ```
85
``` nystagmus confusion alcoholism malnutrition malabsorption tremors ``` may be
hypomagneisium
86
``` nausea vomitting muscle weakness hypotension bradycardia respiratory depression depressed nerve function and MSK fxn ```
hypermagensium

Nursing 120 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions