Exam 5 - Substance Abuse

Question 1

define substance abuse

Answer 1

use of psychoactive drug that poses a risk to health

Question 2

define addiction

Answer 2

chronic relapsing brain disease that is characterized by constant seeking

Question 3

define tolerance

Answer 3

the response from a specific dose that is smaller than the initial

Question 4

what is cross tolerance

Answer 4

tolerance to one drug confers tolerance to another drug in the same class

Question 5

psychological dependence

Answer 5

the intense subjective need for a drug

Question 6

what is abstinence syndrome

Answer 6

withdrawal; signs and symptoms when they discontinue physical use of drug

Question 7

physical dependence

Answer 7

a state in which abstinence syndrome will occur if the drug is discontinueD

Question 8

what are biological factors that affect addictive behaviors

Answer 8

genetics and biochemical(reward center wants more)

Question 9

what are psychological factors that affect addictive behaviors

Answer 9

developmental factors

personality factors

last part of brain to develop is impulse control

Question 10

what are sociocultural factors that affect addictive behavior

Answer 10

modeling and imitation
conditioning
cultural and ethnic influences

Question 11

what are the common prescriptions that are abused?

Answer 11

opioids
CNS depressants
stimulants

Question 12

early signs of opioid withdrawal

Answer 12

(AADIIMY)
agitation
anxiety
muscle aches
increased lacrimation
insomnia
rhinorrhea 
diaphoresis
yawning

Question 13

late signs of opioid withdrawal

Answer 13

abdominal cramping
diarrhea
mydriasis (dilated pupils)
piloerection
nausea
vomitting

Question 14

withdrawal medications for opioids

Answer 14

clonidine
antiemetics
antidiarrheals
buepinephrine

Question 15

what does clonidine do?

Answer 15

decrease anxiety, agitation, muscle aches, diaphoresis, running nose and cramping

Question 16

how do you assess severity of symptoms for withdrawal of opioids?

Answer 16

COW scale

meant for buepinephrine

Question 17

what are complications that can occur during opioid withdrawal

Answer 17

dehydration
electrolyte imbalance
aspiration

Question 18

what are the alcohol intoxication stages?

Answer 18

euphoria 
lethargy
confusion
stupor
coma
death

Question 19

BAC for euphoria

Answer 19

0.3 to .12

Question 20

BAC for lethargy

Answer 20

.09 to .25

Question 21

BAC for confusion

Answer 21

.18 to .30

Question 22

BAC for stupor

Answer 22

.25 to .40

Question 23

BAC for coma

Answer 23

.35 to .50

Question 24

BAC for death

Answer 24

.5 and above

Question 25

signs of alcohol euphoria

Answer 25

shortened attention span flushed poor judgement troubles with fine movement

Question 26

signs of lethargy alcohol

Answer 26

``` sleepy trouble understanding and remembering slow reaction uncoordinated movements blurry vision decreased sensory reception ```

Question 27

signs of confusion for alcohol

Answer 27

``` confusion dizzy uncoordinated highly emotional cannot see clear slurred speech no pain ```

Question 28

signs for stupor alcohol

Answer 28

``` can barely move cannot stand or walk cannot respond to stimuli may vomit in and out of consciousness ```

Question 29

signs for coma alcohol

Answer 29

``` unconsciousness decreased reflex decrease body temp slow shallow resp HR slow death can occur ```

Question 30

signs for death alcohol

Answer 30

CNS fails | breathing stops

Question 31

what are short term effects of alcohol

Answer 31

``` gi irritation increase blood flow to skin aches swelling weakness inhibit antidiuretic hormone increase urinary excretion of magnesium ```

Question 32

why is it important to keep a close eye on the intoxicated patient?

Answer 32

prevent falls and injury and aspiration

Question 33

why is hydration important during alcohol intoxication?

Answer 33

to prevent dehydrated effects of alcohol

Question 34

how is thiamine used during alcohol intoxication?

Answer 34

prevent wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

Question 35

how is thiamine administered?

Answer 35

PO or IV

Question 36

what is wernickes korsakoff?

Answer 36

wern --> encephalapthy from thiamine def | kors --> memory issue r/t thiamine(b12) def

Question 37

what are the physical effects of chronic alcohol abuse?

Answer 37

``` myopathy peripheral neurapthy malnutrition wernicke korsakoff cardiomyopathy pancreatitis sexual dysfunction ```

Question 38

when might pancreatitis occur?

Answer 38

1 to 2 days after binge drinking

Question 39

what are the medications used for alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 39

benzodiazepines lorazepam (ativan) librium thiamine, folic acid, multivitamin

Question 40

how does benzos help alcohol withdrawal

Answer 40

sedate to help anxiety and agitation

Question 41

what are treatments for alcohol withdrawal

Answer 41

``` medications IV fluids physical environment reorientation observation ```

Question 42

what is the scale to use for alcohol withdrawal severity?

Answer 42

CIWA

Question 43

what questions do we ask to assess for alcohol abuse and misuse?

Answer 43

CAGE questions 1. CUT DOWN 2. ANNOYED 3. GUILT 4. EYE OPENER

Question 44

what are drugs used for alcohol treatment

Answer 44

reviva (naltrexone) campral antabuse

Question 45

what is reviva or naltrexone?

Answer 45

opioid receptor antagonist

Question 46

what is campral?

Answer 46

reduced symptoms of post acute alcohol withdrawal

Question 47

what is antabuse?

Answer 47

acute sensitivity to alcohol

Question 48

what are the 3 levels of prevention of substance abuse

Answer 48

primary secondary tertiary

Question 49

what is primary prevention of substance abuse

Answer 49

school and community based

Question 50

what is secondary substance abuse prevention

Answer 50

assess and intervene

Question 51

what is tertiary prevention of substance abuse

Answer 51

monitor withdrawal and relapse prevention