Exam 2: Lipids

Question 2

functions of fats

Answer 2

-energy (unlimited storage)
-protection (organs)
-insulation (temp)
-transport of nutrients/vitamins
-hormone regulation (synthesis)
-nervous transmission
-components of cell membrane

Question 3

three classes of lipids

Answer 3

-triglycerides and fatty acids
-sterols
-phospholipids

Question 4

fatty acids have what ends?

Answer 4

omega end, and alpha end

Question 5

omega end is a

Answer 5

methyl group

Question 6

alpha end is a

Answer 6

acid group

Question 7

saturated fatty acid (chem)

Answer 7

no double bonds, saturated with hydrogen

Question 8

monounsaturated fatty acid (chem)

Answer 8

one double bond

Question 9

polyunsaturated fatty acid (chem)

Answer 9

has multiple double bonds

Question 10

omega 3

Answer 10

double bonds begin on the 3rd carbon

Question 11

omega 6

Answer 11

double bonds begin on the 6th carbon

Question 12

what is a triglyceride

Answer 12

3 fatty acids connected at the carbon backbone

Question 13

saturated fats food sources

Answer 13

meats, animals

Question 14

monounsaturated fats food sources

Answer 14

avacodos, olive oil, nuts

Question 15

polyunsaturated fats food sources

Answer 15

fish, vegetable oil, nuts

Question 16

omega 6 is what kind of essential polyunsaturated fatty acid

Answer 16

linoleic acid

Question 17

omega 3 is what kind of essential polyunsaturated fatty acid

Answer 17

linolenic acid

Question 18

essential polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 18

linoleic and linolenic

Question 19

benefits of omega 3

Answer 19

-lowers blood pressure

Question 21

what is emulsification?

Answer 21

fat mixing with other stuff to get into water

Question 22

phospholipid food sources

Answer 22

-egg yolk
-soy beans
-peanuts

Question 23

what is the structure of a phospholipid

Answer 23

a glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group

Question 24

where does most of the lipid digestion take place?

Answer 24

small intestine, (some happens in mouth and stomach)

Question 25

what is a chylomicron made of?

Answer 25

-triglyceride -cholesterol -phospholipids -protein

Question 26

where are chylomicrons made?

Answer 26

the small intestine

Question 27

where do chylomicrons go after the small intestine?

Answer 27

lymphatic system then blood

Question 28

what does VLDL do?

Answer 28

delivers cholesterol and triglycerides to the cells

Question 29

what des HDL do?

Answer 29

removes excess cholesterol from cells

Question 30

where are VLDL formed?

Answer 30

in the liver

Question 31

how is LDL formed?

Answer 31

VLDL loses fat and becomes LDL

Question 32

what is atherosclerosis (molecular)?

Answer 32

when too much LDL oxidizes

Question 33

what is atherosclerosis (symptoms)?

Answer 33

plaque buildup in the arteries

Question 34

things that put you at risk for cardiovascular disease

Answer 34

-smoking -high blood pressure -diabetes -age >65 -bad diet

Question 35

recommendations to prevent CVD

Answer 35

-medication -low fat diet -eating plant based foods (anti-oxidants) -high ratio of omega 3 to omega 6

Question 36

recomended % calories from fat

Answer 36

20-35%

Question 37

what does myplate say about saturated fat

Answer 37

reduce it

Question 38

what does myplate say about transfat

Answer 38

eliminate it