Chapter 4: Carbohydrates

Question 1

Monosaccharides

Answer 1

-glucose
-fructose
-galactose

Question 2

How much glucose do you need in your blood

Answer 2

130 g/d

Question 3

Sucrose

Answer 3

Glucose + fructose

Question 4

Lactose

Answer 4

Glucose + galactose

Question 5

Maltose

Answer 5

Glucose + glucose

Question 6

Complex carbs

Answer 6

Polysaccharides

Question 7

Polysaccharides

Answer 7

-starch
-glycogen
-fiber

Question 8

Fiber DRI (men & women)

Answer 8

Men: 38g/day
Women: 25g/day

Question 9

Benefits of fiber

Answer 9

-lowers cholesterol
-lowers risk of cancer

Question 10

Risks of fiber

Answer 10

-you need more water

Question 11

Liquid fat

Answer 11

Unsaturated

Question 12

Solid fat

Answer 12

Saturated

Question 13

Benefits of whole grain

Answer 13

-fiber
-vitamin e
-iron

Question 14

Refined grains are only

Answer 14

The endosperm of the wheat (carbs)

Question 15

Most of the grain by weight is

Answer 15

The endosperm

Question 16

50-80% of the nutrients in grain come from

Answer 16

The bran layers

Question 17

Goal 1 of dietary guidelines

Answer 17

-reduced risk of chronic illness

Question 18

Goal 2 of dietary guidelines

Answer 18

-nutritional adequacy

Question 19

Goal 3 of dietary guidelines

Answer 19

-maintain a healthy body weight

Question 20

What enzyme secreted by the pancreas breaks down starch

Answer 20

Amylase

Question 21

King of exercise energy

Answer 21

Carbs

Question 22

Main functions of carbs

Answer 22

-ENERGY
-RBC, brain, CNS
-ketones
-protein breakdown (bad)

Question 23

How is lactose intolerance different from a milk allergy

Answer 23

It’s not an immune reaction

Question 24

What is lactose intolerance

Answer 24

When there is no lactase (or not enough) present to break down milk sugars (lactose) that they ferment instead of breaking down

Question 25

Pancrease produces (endocrine)

Answer 25

Insulin & glucagon

Question 26

Elevated blood glucose…

Answer 26

Release of insulin, glucose->glycogen

Question 27

Low blood glucose

Answer 27

Release of glucagon, glycogen->glucose

Question 28

Diabetes signs

Answer 28

-polydypsia -polyphagia -polyuria -vision changes

Question 29

Polydypsia

Answer 29

Always thirsty

Question 30

Polyphagia

Answer 30

Always hungry

Question 31

Polyuria

Answer 31

Always urinating

Question 32

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 32

Limited insulin production

Question 33

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 33

Insulin resistance

Question 34

Type 1 diabetes treatment

Answer 34

Monitor carb intake

Question 35

Type 2 diabetes treatment

Answer 35

-monitor carb intake -medication to increase insulin sensitivity -exercise

Question 36

Consequences of elevated blood glucose

Answer 36

-blindness -kidney failure -heart disease & stroke -nerve damage -increased infections -poor wound healing-> amputation