Final Exam 4

Question 1

fiber intake

Answer 1

-38 g for men
-25 g for women

Question 2

benefits of fiber

Answer 2

-lower cholesterol
-lower risk of cancer

Question 3

food sources of fiber

Answer 3

-fruits
-veg
-whole grain

Question 4

whole grain sources

Answer 4

-brown rice
-oats
-popcorn
-quinoa

Question 5

carbs are not digested where

Answer 5

the stomach

Question 6

how do carbs enter bloodstream?

Answer 6

small intestine

Question 7

functions of carbs

Answer 7

-provide energy
-RBC, CNS
-Ketones
-Protein breakdown

Question 8

What is lactose intolerance

Answer 8

When there is no lactase (or not enough) present to break down milk sugars (lactose) that they ferment instead of breaking down

Question 10

Elevated blood glucose…

Answer 10

Release of insulin, glucose->glycogen

Question 11

Low blood glucose

Answer 11

Release of glucagon, glycogen->glucose

Question 12

Diabetes signs

Answer 12

-polydypsia
-polyphagia
-polyuria
-vision changes

Question 13

type 1 diabetes

Answer 13

limited insulin production

Question 14

type 2 diabetes

Answer 14

insulin resistance

Question 15

type 1 diabetes treatment

Answer 15

monitor carb intake

Question 16

type 2 diabetes treatment

Answer 16

-monitor carb intake
-medication to increase insulin sensitivity
-exercise

Question 17

consequences of elevated blood glucose

Answer 17

-blindness
-kidney failure
-heart disease & stroke
-nerve damage
-increased infections
-poor wound healing (amputations)

Question 18

monosaccharides

Answer 18

-glucose
-galactose
-fructose

Question 19

disaccharides

Answer 19

-sucrose
-lactose
-maltose

Question 20

polysaccharides

Answer 20

-glycogen
-fiber
-starch

Question 21

refined grains

Answer 21

only endosperm (outside)

Question 22

enriched grains

Answer 22

fortified refined grains

Question 23

whole grains

Answer 23

entire grain seed

Question 24

functions of lipids

Answer 24

-energy storage
-protection (organs)
-transport nutrients & vitamins
-hormone regulation
-nervous transmission

Question 25

functions of lipids in food

Answer 25

-flavor -aroma -satiety -essential fatty acids -moisture

Question 26

types of lipids

Answer 26

-triglycerides and fatty acids -sterols -phospholipids

Question 27

fatty acid structure

Answer 27

string of carbons with one methyl group (omega end) and acid group (alpha end)

Question 28

triglyceride structure

Answer 28

-glycerol backbone with three fatty acids

Question 29

do saturated fats have double bonds

Answer 29

no

Question 30

do monounsaturated fats have double bonds

Answer 30

yes, one

Question 31

do polyunsaturated fats have double bonds

Answer 31

yes, 3 = omega 3 6 = omega 6

Question 32

what kind of lipid do we usually consume

Answer 32

trigylcerides

Question 33

structure of sterols

Answer 33

multiple rings

Question 34

saturated fat food sources

Answer 34

-meats/animals

Question 35

monounsaturated fat food sources

Answer 35

-avocado -olive oil -nuts

Question 36

polyunsaturated fat food sources

Answer 36

-fish -vegetable oil -nuts

Question 37

cholesterol food sources

Answer 37

-eggs -meat -dairy

Question 38

how are lipids digested

Answer 38

emulsification with bile in small intestine

Question 39

what are chylomicrons made of

Answer 39

-triglyceride -cholesterol -phospholipid -protein

Question 40

what does VLDL do?

Answer 40

delivers cholesterol and triglycerides to the cells

Question 41

what des HDL do?

Answer 41

removes excess cholesterol from cells

Question 42

what is atherosclerosis (molecular)?

Answer 42

when too much LDL oxidizes

Question 43

what is atherosclerosis (symptoms)?

Answer 43

plaque buildup in the arteries

Question 44

things that put you at risk for cardiovascular disease

Answer 44

-smoking -high blood pressure -diabetes -age >65 -bad diet

Question 45

recommendations to prevent CVD

Answer 45

-medication -low fat diet -eating plant based foods (anti-oxidants) -high ratio of omega 3 to omega 6

Question 46

what does myplate say about saturated fat

Answer 46

reduce it