Exam 2: Proteins Flashcards
(25 cards)
why are adequate amounts of all the essential amino acids are required for protein synthesis?
thy cannot be synthesized, and we need all of them for protein synthesis
what is the structure of amino acids
amino group, carboxyl group, carbon, r group
protein digestion in stomach
-protein denatured in HCl (Stomach Acid)
-clipped (a lil) into peptides
what enzyme clips proteins
protiaze
digestion of proteins in small intestine
-tri and di peptides clipped into amino acids (not all)
-absorbed into blood and taken to liver
functions of protein
-growth and maintenance
-fluid balance
-acid base balance
-building enzymes, hormones, and compounds
-immunity antibodies
-providing energy and glucose
-blood clotting
-transport
-protein balance
urine excretes excess…
nitrogen
protein balance is the difference between
protein intake and protein excretion
high quality proteins
-eggs
-chicken
-milk
-fish
-beans
moderate quality proteins are
-beans
-bread
-crackers
-cereal
-rice
-corn
low quality proteins are
-vegetables
Grains are limited in
lysine
nuts and seeds are limiting in
lysine
vegetables are limiting in
methionine
legumes are limiting in
methionine
average calorie intake for protein
10-35%
rda for protein
.8g/kg
types of malnutrition
-kwashiorkor
-marasmus
consequences of too little protein
-malnutrition
-slow growth
-impaired immune system
-impaired nutrient absorption
-impaired brain & kidney function
nutrigenomics
effects of nutrients on gene expression
nutrigenetics
the effect of gene variation on response to nutrients
benefits of vegetarianism
-lowers saturated fat and cholesterol intake, high complex carbs
-may also lower risk of cancer
lacto-ovo
can eat milk and eggs
