Exam 2 Social Development in Early Childhood- Theory of Mind, Parenting + Play Flashcards
(21 cards)
Theory of Mind
The ability to understand that other people have thoughts, beliefs, desires, and emotions that are different from one’s own
-comes at around age 4 but begins to develop much earlier
Theory of mind; perception-goal psychology
the capacity to track others’ perceptions of their surroundings, the goals they have, and how they pursue goals in light of their surroundings (ie. following gaze)
-at about 9 months
Theory of mind; belief-desire psychology
ability to represent how others believe the world is, how they desire it to be, and how they might rationally act to realize their desires in light of their own beliefs
-at about 4 years
Theory of mind outcomes
-peer social skills
-communicative competence
-increased quality of peer relationships
-act more prosocially
-achievement in primary school
Theory of mind: False Belief Task
-have one individual put a marble in the left basked and leave
-a different individual comes and moves the marble to the right basket
-the second individual leaves and the first comes back
-ask the child: in which basket will the first individual look for the marbel
-kids w/out theory of mind will say left basket
Theory of mind: Trait Judgments
Read a personality trait adjective and indicate whether it correctly describes a former American president (ie. “Brave” - does this word describe Bill Clinton”)
Theory of mind: Animated Videos (Triangle Test)
Watch video animation of two interacting triangles such as one portraying a mother and child playing and the child is asked to verbally explain what’s happening
Theory of mind: cartoons
View a cartoon story and predict what will happen based on the intentions of a character
Theory of mind: reading the mind in the eyes test
Presented with somewhat ambiguous pictures of only someone’s eyes in black and white and have to choose 1 out of 4 surrounding words to describe their emotion
Authoritative Parenting style
Accepting and responsive but also demanding and controlling
-best outcomes
-clear expectations and rules but parents are also warm and responsive
Indulgent Parenting Style
Accepting and responsive but undemanding and uncontrolling
Authoritarian parenting style
rejecting and unresponsive and demanding and controlling
Neglectful parenting style
Rejecting and unresponsive and undemanding and uncontrolling
Parenting styles in context-cultural considerations
-authoritarian style can be positive as suggested by some research
-Asian American and Latino families
Play in Children’s Development
Play is essential
Lowers anxiety, helps with conflicts and coping with problems
Creativity
Cognitive Development
Develop language, communication, self-regulation, and literacy
Sensorimotor Play
infants derive pleasure from exercising sensorimotor schemes
Practice Play
repetition of behavior when new skills learned
Pretense/symbolic play
child transforms aspects of the physical environment into symbols
ie. table as car
social play
social interaction with peers
constructive play
self-regulated creations or solutions
building sandcastle w/stick as boat
Games
activities engaged in for pleasure and that have rules
