Exam 3: Social Development Middle Childhood: Peer relationships + bullying

Question 1

Peers

Answer 1

Similar age children

Question 2

Friend

Answer 2

Special recipricol friendship

Question 3

Social comparison

Answer 3

use peers to evaluate self

Question 4

Increased significance of peer relationships

Answer 4

spending more time with peers in middle childhood

Question 5

Popular evaluations among peers

Answer 5

consistently received high number of “most-liked” ratings and few “least-liked” ratings

Question 6

Popular-prosocial

Answer 6

cooperative and friendly
popular bc nice

Question 7

popular-antisocial

Answer 7

well-known but dominant or aggresive

Question 8

Rejected evaluations among peers

Answer 8

received many “least-liked” ratings and typically very few “well-liked” ratings

Question 9

Rejected-withdrawn

Answer 9

shy, anxious, lack social skills

Question 10

Rejected-aggressive

Answer 10

lower self-control and frequent behavior outbursts

Question 11

Controversial evaluations among peers

Answer 11

receive a large number of both “most-liked” and “least-liked”

Question 12

Neglected evaluations among peers

Answer 12

receive few if any ratings of any kind

Question 13

Average evaluations among peers

Answer 13

receive some “most-liked” and “least-liked” ratings, no strong preference/dislike

Question 14

Stage 0 Friendship momentary physical interaction (3-6 yrs)

Answer 14

based on physical proximity

Question 15

Stage 1 Friendship one-way assistance (5-9 yrs)

Answer 15

reciprocity isn’t yet developed, don’t know that if a friend is nice to you that you need to be nice to them

Question 16

Stage 2 Friendship fair-weather cooperation (7-12 yrs)

Answer 16

give and take reciprocity

Question 17

Stage 3 Friendship intimate and mutual sharing (8-15 yrs)

Answer 17

can share secrets with friends and think that they’ll keep it; genuinely start caring about friend

Question 18

Stage 4 Friendship interdependence (12+ yrs)

Answer 18

friends accept each other for who they are

Question 19

Benefits of friendships

Answer 19

initiate and maintain social interactions, navigating conflicts, coordinations of mutual goals, additional source of support besides caregivers

Question 20

Changes in peer relationships in middle childhood

Answer 20

-time spent with peers increases
-size of peer groups increases
-peer interactions is less closely supervised
-until age 12, preference for same-sex peer groups increases

Question 21

Social Cognition: decode social cues

Answer 21

things like eye contact, facial expressions, gestures

Question 22

Social cognition: interpret

Answer 22

make sense of the cues
-aggressive children are more likely to perceive another child’s actions as hostile when the child’s intention is ambiguous

Question 23

Social cognition: generate possible responses

Answer 23

think of responses

Question 24

social cognition: evaluate and select an optimal response

Question 25

Social cognition: enact

Question 26

In order to get along with peers children need to know:

Answer 26

-what goals to pursue in poorly defined situations -how to initiate and maintain a social bond -what scripts to follow to acquire friends

Question 27

Bullying

Answer 27

verbal and physical behavior intended to disturb someone less powerful -boys are more likely to be victims than girls -social contexts (poverty, family, peer contexts) influence bullying

Question 28

Outcomes of being bullied

Answer 28

-more likely to experience depression, engage in suicidal ideation, and attempt suicide -more likely to have internalized problems -more likely to use mental health services

Question 29

Outcomes of being a bully

Answer 29

antisocial and criminal behaviors later in adolescence and adulthood