Exam 2: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Question 1

Piaget’s Concrete Operational Though

Answer 1

7-11 years
able to represent ideas and events more flexibly and logically
basic rules of thinking allow for systematic problem solving
-logic can only be applied to physical objects (not thinking about abstract topics)

Question 2

Skill mastered during concrete operational: Seriation

Answer 2

arranging items by qualitative dimension ie. shortest to tallest

Question 3

Skill mastered during concrete operational: classification

Answer 3

organizing objects into classes and subclasses (ie. color)

Question 4

Skill mastered during concrete operational: reversibility

Answer 4

some things that are changed can be returned to their original state
ie. water can be turned to ice and back to water

Question 5

Skill mastered during concrete operational: conservation

Answer 5

understand that changing one quality does not mean that amount changed
pouring the same amount of water in a tall vs. wide glass doesn’t change the amount of water

Question 6

Skill mastered during concrete operational: decentration

Answer 6

focusing on more than one dimension of an object

Question 7

Skill mastered during concrete operational: identity

Answer 7

objects have qualities that don’t change even when the object is altered ie. chalk is still chalk even when broken in half

Question 8

Skill mastered during concrete operational: transitivity

Answer 8

ability to see how objects are related
ie. boxer is a dog, dog is a mammal, a boxer is a mammal

Question 9

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence: Analytical (componential)

Answer 9

School based knowledge; reading, math, history

Question 10

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence: Creative (experiental)

Answer 10

hands on experiences, art

Question 11

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence: practical (contextual)

Answer 11

common sense, street smarts

Question 12

Howard Gardner and Multiple Intelligences

Answer 12

Linguistic, logical (mathematical), spatial, musical, kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, existential

Question 13

IQ: g

Answer 13

general intelligence factor

Question 14

IQ Testing

Answer 14

what is considered intelligence varies by age
testing needs to be standardized
testing to identify and support educational needs

Question 15

Flynn effect

Answer 15

over time people are getting better at completing IQ type tasks and are not getting smarter over time

Question 16

Intellectual disability

Answer 16

intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains
3 criteria:
-deficits in intellectual functioning
-deficits in adaptive functioning
-onset of both deficits in developmental period

Question 17

Wechsler Intelligence Scale: verbal comprehension index

Answer 17

measures verbal concept formation, reasoning, and knowledge acquired from the environment
-how two things are alike
-vocabulary
-information

Question 18

Wechsler Intelligence Scale: Fluid reasoning index

Answer 18

measures the ability to detect underlying conceptual relationships and apply logic
-matrix reasoning
-figure weights
-picture concepts

Question 19

Wechsler Intelligence Scale: visual spatial index

Answer 19

measures the ability to evaluate visual details and understand visual-spatial relationships
-block design
-visual puzzles

Question 20

Wechsler Intelligence Scale: working memory index

Answer 20

assesses the ability to hold and manipulate information in STM
-digit span
-letter-number sequencing

Question 21

Wechsler Intelligence Scale: Processing speed index

Answer 21

Measures the speed and accuracy of visual identification, decision-making, and graphomotor speed
-coding
-symbol search
-cancellation

Question 22

Language Development

Answer 22

learn and apply grammar
increase vocabulary
use contextual information to augment speech
less literal use of language
learning to read