exam #3 Key Term Part 4

Question 1

the act of eating or feeding

Answer 1

ingestion

Question 2

where food is broken down into molecules small enough for the body to absorb

Answer 2

digestion

Question 3

consuming something for energy

Answer 3

feeding

Question 4

plant eaters(primary consumers)

Answer 4

herbivores

Question 5

animal eaters

Answer 5

carnivores

Question 6

plant and animal eaters

Answer 6

omnivores

Question 7

insufficient intake of nutrients that result in low body fat.

Answer 7

undernutrition

Question 8

failure to obtain adequate nutrition

Answer 8

malnutrition

Question 9

imbalance nutritional status resulting from excessive intake of nutrients

Answer 9

overnutrition

Question 9

ingest liquids containing organic molecules in solution (hummingbird)

Answer 9

fluid feeders

Question 10

eat small particles of organic matter, small organisms in suspension of fluids (bacteria and plankton)

Answer 10

suspension feeders

Question 11

ingest small organic particles; organisms that are part of solid matter (dirt or sand) that feeders live in or on

Answer 11

deposit feeders

Question 12

consume large pieces of organisms or entire large organisms (humans)

Answer 12

bulk feeders

Question 13

the splitting process where there is a chemical breakdown by digestive enzymes of a fat or macromolecule links together smaller components releasing a molecule of water. where thinks break bonds through the addition of water

Answer 13

enzymatic hydrolysis

Question 14

breaks down starches and glycogen

Answer 14

amylases

Question 15

break down of lipids

Answer 15

lipases

Question 16

what goes on inside of cell

Answer 16

intracellular digestion

Question 17

what goes on outside of a cell

Answer 17

extracellular digestion

Question 18

a pouch, that functions in digestion as well as in the distribution of nutrients throughout the body

Answer 18

gastrovascular cavity

Question 19

throat region that leads to the esophagus

Answer 19

pharynx

Question 20

inside space of the intestine

Answer 20

lumen

Question 20

muscular tube that connects to the stomach

Answer 20

esophagus

Question 21

ground made into fine particles by sand/rocks

Answer 21

gizzard

Question 22

tublar part of of alimentary canal that extends from stomach to anus

Answer 22

intestine

Question 23

located below the diaphragm, and has two roles in digestion: storage, and processing food into a liquid suspension

Answer 23

stomach

Question 24

pouches that extended from beginning of midgut and function in digestion and absorption of grasshoppers

Answer 24

gastric ceca

Question 25

glandular portion of the stomach that makes acid

Answer 25

proventriculus

Question 26

nose, epithelial and glandular(sweat and oil) cells and they line the inside of the gut

Answer 26

mucosa

Question 27

pouch of the esophagus

Answer 27

crop

Question 28

elastic connective tissue that contains neuron networks and blood and lymph vessels

Answer 28

submucosa

Question 29

the ringlike valve of muscle acting like a drawstring that regulates the passage of indigested food into the stomach

Answer 29

sphincter

Question 30

gland associated with the oral cavity that secretes substances that lubricate food and begins the process of chemical digestion

Answer 30

salviary glands

Question 31

digestion of starches in the oral cavity

Answer 31

salivary amylase

Question 32

ball-like lump of food

Answer 32

bolus

Question 33

waste of the digestive system

Answer 33

feces

Question 34

muscular ring that surrounds the opening between the esophagus and the stomach.

Answer 34

cardiac sphincter

Question 35

upper part of the respiratory tract which moves things to the trachea

Answer 35

larynx

Question 36

a flap that blocks the trachea

Answer 36

epiglottis

Question 37

part of the stomach lining that serves as an entrance for gastric glands

Answer 37

gastric pits

Question 38

the digestive fluid that is secreted in the stomach

Answer 38

gastric juices

Question 39

branched tubules located in the inner lining of the stomach that secrete gastric juice and protective mucus

Answer 39

gastric glands

Question 40

the released pepsin from chief cells into the lumen and are inactive form

Answer 40

pepsinogen

Question 41

pepsin( secretes pepsinogen)

Answer 41

chief cells

Question 42

protein-digesting enzyme which work well in very acidic environments

Answer 42

pepsin

Question 43

controls if things leave the stomach

Answer 43

pyloric sphincter

Question 43

produce the components of hydrochloric acid (HCL)

Answer 43

parietal cells

Question 44

secretes mucus, which lubricates and protects the cells lining the stomach

Answer 44

mucous cell

Question 45

mixture of indigested food and gastric juice(slushy mix)

Answer 45

chyme

Question 46

multitudinous threadlike projections covering the surface of the mucous membrane lining the small intestine.

Answer 46

intestinal villi

Question 47

microscopic finger-like projections that extend from the surface cells in various body organs and increase the surface area for diffusion.

Answer 47

microvilli

Question 48

the first section of the small intestine, where chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

Answer 48

duodenum

Question 49

the destruction of red blood cells that are no longer fully functional. also produces bile, and maintains blood glucose levels.

Answer 49

liver

Question 50

secretes bicarbonates or enzymes alkaline solution into the small intestine. looks like cauliflower

Answer 50

pancreas

Question 51

a secretion of the liver that is stored In the gallbladder

Answer 51

bile

Question 52

plays a role in fermenting ingested materials from animals that eat large amounts of plant materials

Answer 52

cecum

Question 53

stores bile

Answer 53

gallbladder

Question 54

a finer-shaped extension that acts as a reservoir for symbiotic microorganisms.

Answer 54

appendix

Question 55

the longest part of the large intestine

Answer 55

colon

Question 56

terminal(end) portion of the large intestine

Answer 56

rectum

Question 57

muscles located at the end of the rectum surrounding the anus and control the release of stool

Answer 57

anal sphincter

Question 58

front teeth that are used for cutting and gnawing

Answer 58

incisors

Question 58

pointy teeth that tear or pierce food

Answer 58

canines

Question 59

transitional teeth between the canine and molars are used for grinding food

Answer 59

premolars

Question 60

flat tooth in the back of the mouth used for grinding

Answer 60

molars