Key Terms

Question 1

process of change

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

smallest unit of organization able to perform all activities required for life

Answer 2

Cell

Question 3

double strand of chromosomes that make up genetic material.

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

Single strand of chromosomes that make up genetic material.

Answer 4

RNA

Question 5

things that make up chemical energy and produce food molecules and is passed along from plants and other photosynthetic organisms

Answer 5

producers

Question 6

an organism that feeds on other organisms

Answer 6

consumer

Question 7

things that break down waste products (trash)

Answer 7

decomposers

Question 8

successful characteristics more common in later generations

Answer 8

adaptions

Question 9

the similarity among species because of ancestry

Answer 9

homology

Question 10

something similar because of their function

Answer 10

analogy

Question 11

the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species

Answer 11

phylogeny

Question 12

roots of things that can reproduce offspring

Answer 12

species

Question 13

a taxonomical category above the specie’s level, designated by the first of a species’ two-part name (ex. homo)

Answer 13

genus

Question 14

a common term for the two-part Latinized format for naming a species; this includes the genus and specific epithet.

Answer 14

binomial nomenclature

Question 15

Created taxonomy

Answer 15

Linnaeus

Question 16

forms a barrier to the outside

Answer 16

plasma membrane

Question 17

the largest structure in the cell and contains DNA

Answer 17

nucleus

Question 18

cellular contents between the plasma membrane and nucleus

Answer 18

cytoplasm

Question 19

any of several membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells

Answer 19

organelle

Question 20

intracellular fluid; viscous fluid of cytoplasm that contains dissolved macromolecules and ions

Answer 20

cytosol

Question 21

the currently accepted model of cell membrane structure, which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids

Answer 21

fluid mosaic model

Question 22

distribution of identical body parts or shapes

Answer 22

asymmetrical

Question 23

movement of particles down a gradient and doesn’t require energy

Answer 23

passive transport

Question 24

movement of particles against a gradient and requires energy

Answer 24

active transport

Question 25

molecules and ions in a solution that are in a constant state of motion

Answer 25

diffusion

Question 26

a region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases

Answer 26

concentration gradient

Question 27

a property of biological membranes that allows them to regulate the passage of substances across them

Answer 27

selectively permeable

Question 28

where impermeable substances must pass via alternate meaning many large and or polar molecules needed for metabolism cannot pass through the lipid bilayer

Answer 28

facilitated diffusion

Question 29

net diffusion of H2O across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 29

osmosis

Question 30

hypotonic

Answer 30

lower concentrations of solute molecules

Question 31

the force directed against a plant cell wall after the influx of water and swelling of the cell due to osmosis.

Answer 31

turgor pressure

Question 32

higher concentrations of solute molecules

Answer 32

hypertonic

Question 33

osmotic pressure in plants

Answer 33

plasmolysis

Question 34

refer to a solution that when surrounding a cell, cause no net movement of water in or out of a cell

Answer 34

isotonic

Question 35

Hydrolysis (breakdown) ATP directly required for carrier function

Answer 35

primary active transport

Question 36

need the use of energy sources from primary transport pumps

Answer 36

secondary active transport

Question 37

the difference in electrical charge across a cell's plasma membrane due to the differential distribution of ions.

Answer 37

membrane potential

Question 38

the diffusion gradient of an ion which is affected by both the concentration difference of an ion across a membrane and the ion's tendency to move relative to the membrane potential

Answer 38

electrochemical gradient

Question 39

substance moves in the same direction as the concentration gradient used as an energy source

Answer 39

symport

Question 40

the substance moves in the opposite direction to the concentration gradient used as an energy source

Answer 40

antiport