Final exam part 2

Question 1

keep the osmolarity of body fluids different from the environment

Answer 1

osmoregulators

Question 2

allows osmolarity of their body fluids to match their environment

Answer 2

osmoconformers

Question 3

a complex of muscles that encircle the urethra and control the flow of urine.

Answer 3

urethral sphincter

Question 4

what does the proximal convulated tubule of a nephron secrete

Answer 4

positive ion hydrogen into filtrate

Question 5

what does proximal convuleted tubule of nephron reabsorb

Answer 5

Sodium, chloride, potassium, water, bicarbonate, and nutrients(glucose)

Question 6

what does the descending loop of henle reabsorb

Answer 6

water through osmosis

Question 7

what does the ascending loop of henle reabsorb

Answer 7

soidum and chloride ions

Question 8

what does the distal convulated tubule do

Answer 8

is balances hydrogen and salt concentrations between urine and interstitial fluid surrounding the nephron

Question 9

what the does the collecting ducts secrete

Answer 9

additional hydrogen to urine

Question 10

what does the proximal end of a nephron filtrate

Answer 10

water, small molecules, and ions

Question 10

what is reabsorbed in the collecting ducts

Answer 10

water and some urea is reabsorbed at the bottom of the ducts.

Question 11

chemical stimuli

Answer 11

chemoreceptor

Question 12

transduce light

Answer 12

photoreceptor

Question 13

temperature change

Answer 13

thermoreceptors

Question 14

respond to cell deformation

Answer 14

mechanoreceptors

Question 15

respond to intense stimuli by signaling pain

Answer 15

nociceptors

Question 16

signal positional info

Answer 16

proprioceptors

Question 16

to change or convert environmental information in Action Potentials

Answer 16

transduce

Question 17

easiest thing to interpret

Answer 17

modality

Question 18

outermost layer and is transparent and admits light

Answer 18

cornea

Question 19

behind the cornea and controls diameter of pupil also is the color of people eyes

Answer 19

iris

Question 20

focuses image on retina

Answer 20

lens

Question 21

lines back of the eye and photoreceptors are filled inside and is the innermost layer of eye

Answer 21

retina

Question 22

is a type of photoreceptor that detects light intensity and is active during night

Answer 22

rods

Question 23

type of photoreceptor that detects different wavelengths (color) and is active during the day

Answer 23

cones

Question 24

constant rate as long as stimulus is applied

Answer 24

tonic receptor

Question 25

burst of activity where something quickly reduces firing rate to a stand stimulation(adaption)

Answer 25

phasic receptor

Question 26

what's a type of tonic receptor

Answer 26

pain

Question 26

what's a type of phasic receptor

Answer 26

smell and touch

Question 27

what are the two parts of your nervous system

Answer 27

CNS and PNS

Question 28

Example of PNS

Answer 28

spinal nerves nerves and ganglia

Question 29

Example of CNS

Answer 29

Large brain and spinal cord

Question 30

what does CNS stand for

Answer 30

central nervous system

Question 31

whats does PNS stand for

Answer 31

peripheral nervous system

Question 32

what are the two types of neurons?

Answer 32

afferent and efferent

Question 33

what is the afferent neurons function?

Answer 33

serves as a sensory nerve(touch)

Question 34

what is the efferent neuron function

Answer 34

Serves as a motor nerve (motors)

Question 35

what is the somatic system?

Answer 35

the nervous system responsible for the voluntary control of muscles.

Question 36

what is the autonomic system

Answer 36

it controls involuntary functions

Question 37

what are the two subsections of autonomic system

Answer 37

sympathetic and parasympathetic system

Question 38

forebrain transform to

Answer 38

cerebrum

Question 39

hindbrain transform to

Answer 39

medulla

Question 40

controls that autonomic, homestasis functions like breathing

Answer 40

medulla

Question 41

relays information from cerebrum to cerebellum, and regulates breathing centers in the medulla

Answer 41

pons

Question 42

integrates sensory inputs to coordinate body movements

Answer 42

cerebellum

Question 43

is a control center that regulates temperature and the biological clock

Answer 43

hypothalamus

Question 44

integrating center for memory, learning, emotions, and other highly complex fuctions

Answer 44

cerebrum

Question 45

stalk that joins with the spinal cord as the base of the brain

Answer 45

brainstem

Question 46

the receiver of sensory information

Answer 46

thalamus

Question 47

motor speech area

Answer 47

frontal lobe

Question 48

controls taste

Answer 48

insula lobe

Question 49

interprets and distinguishes sound and smell

Answer 49

temporal lobe

Question 50

interpret visual features

Answer 50

occipital lobe

Question 51

receives sensory input from skin, muscles, and joints

Answer 51

parietal lobe