Exam 3: Lecture 27/28 - Rabbits vs. Rodents Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
What is important to note about the skin of rabbits?
A
-Very delicate
-Can easily tear or rip when clipping fur
2
Q
The ____ rabbit possesses a dewlap
A
Female
3
Q
What do rabbits lack (when talking about skin & hair in general)
A
-Rabbits lack footpads
4
Q
Where are the pododermatitis risks in rabbits?
A
-@ points of the hock and tips of third phalanges
5
Q
Where are the only glandrous areas of rabbits?
A
-Nose tip
-Scrotal sacs
-Inguinal folds
6
Q
What/where are the scent glands in rabbits?
A
-Chin gland
-Perineal glands
-Inguinal glands
7
Q
Why is it important to know where the scent glands are in rabbits?
A
-They are areas you need to be checking for dermatitis or infections during physical exams
8
Q
What is shown in this image?
A
-Scent marking with chin gland
9
Q
What is shown in this image?
A
-Inguinal scent glands
10
Q
What is shown in this image?
A
-Perineal scent glands
11
Q
In rabbits, the cornea of the eye makes up ___% of the eyeball
A
30%
12
Q
How is the rabbit eye positioned in the skull & what does it allow?
A
-Lateral position of eye globe in skull
-Allows wide field of view by O.U.
13
Q
O.U. =
A
-Ocular universal
-Both eyes
14
Q
O.D. =
A
-Ocular dexter
-Right eye
15
Q
O.S. =
A
-Ocular sinister
-Left eye
16
Q
What traits do rabbit and horses share when talking about their oral cavities?
A
-Elongated snout
-Cheek teeth are hypsodont teeth
-Don’t open mouth wide (b/c only eat forage)
17
Q
How many incisors total do rabbits have?
A
-6 total
18
Q
Where are rabbits incisors located?
A
-Upper L = 2 incisors
-Upper R = 2 incisors
-Lower R = 1 incisor
-Lower L = 1 incisor
19
Q
What is different between rabbit and other rodent incisors?
A
-Rodents only have 1 single incisor in all 4 quadrants
-Rabbits have 6 incisors total in the 4 quadrants
20
Q
What is a major area you have to deal with when rabbits come into your clinic?
A
-Lagomorph peg teeth
-Malocclusion of teeth
21
Q
What facial muscle is enlarged in rabbits and why?
A
-Tremendously large Masseter muscles because rabbits grind food using cheek teeth
22
Q
What is shown by the yellow arrow?
A
-Peg teeth
23
Q
What is indicated by the blue star in rabbits?
A
-2nd incisor (peg tooth)
24
Q
What is indicated by the blue star in rabbits?
A
-1st incisor
25
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Premolars
26
What is indicated by the blue star in rabbits?
-Molars
27
What kind of GIT do rabbits have?
-Hindgut fermenters (similar to horses)
28
How does ingesta travel from mouth to anus in the rabbit?
1. Oral cavity (1st phase)
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach (2nd phase)
4. Small intestine (3rd phase)
5. Ileocecocolonic junction
6. Cecum (4th phase)
7. Colon
8. Anus
29
What are key features of the rabbit GIT?
-Very large cecum
-Fairly large colon
-Rabbits are prone to colic b/c obstructions or problems in the GIT
30
What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)
-Esophagus
31
What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)
-Stomach
32
What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)
-Cecal appendix
33
What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)
-Small intestine
34
What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)
-Ileo-cecal valve
35
What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)
-Cecum
36
What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)
-Proximal colon
37
What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)
-Distal colon
38
What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)
-Rectum
39
What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)
-Anus
40
Rabbits have an elongated ____ for fermentation
cecum
41
What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)
-Duodenum (of small intestine)
42
What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)
-Jejuno-ileum (of small intestine)
43
What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)
-Cecum
44
What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)
-Appendix
45
What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)
-Colon (large intestine)
46
When you open a rabbit abdomen, what is one of the 1st organs you will run into that lies in the caudal aspect of the peritoneal cavity?
-Cecum
47
What is the arrow pointing to?
-Cecum
48
What is A?
-Stomach
49
What is B?
-Small intestine (jejunum)
50
What is C?
-Cecum
51
What is D?
-Ileum
52
What is E?
-Colon
53
What is A?
-Lymphoid appendix
54
What is B?
-Saculus Rotundus
55
What is C?
-Duodenum
56
What is D?
-Ileocecal junction
57
What do A & B have in common? (Rabbit GIT)
-Both are GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue)
58
What does aborad mean?
-Going away from the mouth
59
What part of the rabbit GIT is shown by 1?
-Ileum
60
What part of the rabbit GIT is shown by 2?
-Sacculus rotundus
61
What part of the rabbit GIT is shown by 3?
-Body of cecum
62
What part of the rabbit GIT is shown by 4?
-Vermiform appendix
63
What part of the rabbit GIT is shown by 5?
-Ampulla coli
64
What part of the rabbit GIT is shown by 6?
-Proximal colon
65
What part of the rabbit GIT is shown by 7?
-Fusus coli
66
What part of the rabbit GIT is shown by 8?
-Distal colon
67
What type of rabbit feces is shown?
-Caecotroph
68
What type of rabbit feces is shown?
-Pellets
69
What is "coprophagy"?
-Feces ingestion
70
What is caecotroph rabbit feces?
-Night feces
-Recycled back to GIT through coprophagy
-Pulls AAs, fats, etc. from these feces
-Feces freshly coming out of L.I. that has been fermented through cecum & processing different AAs, and they eat those feces
71
What are some unique features of rabbits reproduction tract?
-Rabbits have 2 cervix
-Have delicate & duplex uterus
72
Why do rabbits have a duplex uterus?
-Can breed & make litters rapidly through the breeding season
-Evolved to be able to make more babies b/c they are such a popular item on the food chain
73
Why is it difficult to spay a rabbit?
-Because they have a delicate uterus
74
Identify structures A, B, & C
A: Vulva
B: Inguinal scent glands
C: Anus
75
When looking at a rabbit uterus, what are things to make note of?
-2 cervix going into uterus
-Lots of adipose (fat) in broad lig. or mesometrium of rabbits uterus on both side
-No substantial suspensory lig.
-Numerous large vessels in broad lig.
76
What is this arrow showing?
-Uterine left horn
77
What is shown by the arrow?
-Ovary of female rabbit
78
What do we call a female rabbit?
-Doe
79
What do we call a male rabbit?
-Buck
80
The ovary and uterine horns in rabbits are _____
Fragile
81
There is a lot of ______ in the broad ligament of the rabbit
-Adipose tissue (fat)
82
What is A, B, & C? (Rabbit female reproduction)
A: Ovary
B: Broad lig. (fat filled)
C: Uterus (duplex)
83
What is super important to remember about neutering a male rabbit?
**Males have a fat pad in the inguinal ring**
-Important to guard the fat pad & put restraining suture on inguinal canal
-If fat pad is damaged or torn, more prone to have herniation of intestines into inguinal canal
84
What structure in the male rabbit is indicated by the blue star indicating the yellow arrow?
-Penis
85
What structure in the male rabbit is indicated by the blue star indicating the yellow arrow?
-Inguinal fat pad
86
What structure in the male rabbit is indicated by the blue star indicating the yellow arrow?
-Left testis
87
What rabbit male internal genitalia is indicated by A, B, C, D, E?
A: Urinary bladder
B: Ductus deferens
C: Cranial fat pad
D: Testis
E: Tail of epididymis
88
The testis in rabbits are
-very elongated
-Lateral to penis
89
What is the route of the sperm?
1. Spermatocytes develop in testis
2. Prognosis through head of epididymis, body of epididymis and tail of epididymis
3. Upon ejaculation, exit to ductus deferens up to accessory glands in the rabbit
90
What are the differences in the rodent skull vs. rabbit skull?
-Incisor difference (6 total in rabbits, 4 total in rodents)
-Differences in the cheek teeth & how you care for them!
91
There are more than ______ different species of rodents on Earth
2,000 (largest order of mammals)
92
What is the natural habitat of the long-tailed Chinchilla & why?
-Andes Mountain & high elevation terrain
-Known for thick fur coat -> cold tolerant
93
What animal is this?
-Chinchilla
94
What is important to make note of on a Chinchilla skull?
-Chinchillas have a large tympanic bulla (gives them incredible hearing)
-Cheek teeth are hypsodont (like a horse)
95
How many incisors do Chinchillas have?
-1 incisor in each quadrant
96
Why are the rostral surfaces of Chinchilla incisors yellow-orange in color?
-Depends on the thickness of enamel (rostral has thicker enamel)
97
What is instantly appreciated on this radiograph on the Chinchilla skull?
**IGNORE THE PINK ARROWS**
-Large size of the tympanic bulla
98
What is shown by the vertical pink arrow?
-Chisel shape of incisor
99
What are elodont teeth?
-Incisor teeth
-Continuously growing throughout life of mammal
100
What are hypsodont teeth?
-**high crowns to teeth**
-Irregular occlusal surfaces, enamel crests & dentinal grooves, cheek teeth, both premolars & molars
101
Enamel on the teeth is thicker ___ than ____
Thicker rostrally than caudally
102
Rodent incisors are ____ type teeth
Elodont type
103
____ is one of the hardest substances in mammalian body
Enamel (so wears slower)
104
What are anelodont teeth?
-Premolars & molars
-Rooted, but not growing throughout life
105
What are elodont teeth?
-Incisor teeth
-Continuously growing throughout life of mammal
106
What are brachyodont teeth?
-**Low crowns to teeth**
-Premolars & molars
-Enamel over entire occlusal surfaces
107
T/F: We float brachyodont teeth
FALSE!
-We float hypsodont teeth
108
What type of teeth are rodent incisors?
-Elodont & hypsodont
109
Gerbil, hamster, mouse, rat "cheek teeth", premolars & molars are
-Anelodont & brachyodont teeth type (brachyodont b/c more omnivorous)
110
What space is indicated by the blue star?
-Diastema
111
What part of the rat GIT is indicated by the star?
-Single-chambered stomach
112
What part of the rat GIT is indicated by the star?
-Small intestines
113
What part of the rat GIT is indicated by the star?
-Slightly enlarged cecum
114
What part of the rat GIT is indicated by the star?
-Ascending colon
115
What part of the rat GIT is indicated by the star?
-Descending colon
116
What part of the rat GIT is indicated by the star?
-Rectum
117
The rat GIT is similar to the ____ GIT
-Human
118
What is indicated by the arrow?
-Single-chambered stomach
119
What is indicated by the arrow?
-Liver
120
What is indicated by the arrow?
-Small intestines
121
What is indicated by the arrow?
-Descending colon
122
Rat GI systems are a ____ type of mammal GI system
Omniverous
123
What is important about the fat pad going to the testis in male rats?
-Bigger than testis
-Important it stays in place at external or superficial inguinal ring or will have herniation of intestines or viscera coming out of inguinal canal
124
What is indicated by the star?
-Stomach
125
What is indicated by the star?
-Fat pad
126
What is important about the Norway (Lab) rat?
-Do **NOT** possess a gallbladder!!
-Still produce bile in their liver, just no storage structure
127
What species we have talked to up to this point do not have a gallbladder?
-Norway rat
-Horse
128
What is an example of eating rodents and getting a zoonotic disease?
-Eating large gambian rat gave people monkeypox
129
What kind of uterus do rats have?
-Duplex like rabbit
-Evolved to produce large litters b/c large prey animal
130
Fill out A, B, C, D, E, F, & G in the image
A: Liver
B: Intestines
C: Stomach
D: Spleen
E: Kidneys
F: Descending colon
G: Uterus
131
Fill out A, B, C, D in the image
A: Uterus
B: Ovary
C: Urinary bladder
D: Clitoral gland
132
Rats have ___ uterine horns (& why)
-Elongated
-B/c very large litter sizes & often will have multiple litters a year
133
What kind of lifespan do most rodents have?
-Short lifespans
134
How can you tell if a rat is male or female?
-Male rats have very large testis
135
What structure in the male rat is indicated by the blue star?
-Seminal vesicle
136
What structure in the male rat is indicated by the blue star?
-Ductus deferens
137
What is indicated by 1-10 on this image?
1. Coagulating gland
2. Urinary bladder
3. Ductus Deferens
4. Epididymis
5. Small intestine
6. Vesicular Glands
7. Prostate Gland
8. Penis (urethra runs inside)
9. Testis
10. Scrotum
138
Rats have a ___ placenta
Basic
139
Rats have ____ mammary gland pairs
6 pairs of mammary glands
140
Why is it important that rats have a lot of mammary glands?
-Good models to study mammary gland tumors
-Have a lot because have large litters
-Thoracic mammary glands produce more milk
141
What are the mammary glands in rats?
-3 thoracic
-1 abdominal
-2 inguinal
142
What is shown in these images?
-Rat mammary glands
143
Lab rats have a high prevalence of _______
Mammary gland neoplasia (older rats more prone, high risk of metastacies)
144
What is shown?
-Mammary gland neoplasia in rats
145
What is important about the pelvic symphysis in guinea pigs?
-If sow does not have litter prior to fusion of pubic symphysis by 6-9 months, dystocia is common (b/c symphysis is fused and fetus cannot pass)
-If sow has litter before fusion of pubic symphysis, cartilage union forms & symphysis remains open for life
-Cartilage union expands prior to parturition to allow passage of large feti
146
A female guinea pig is a
Sow
