Exam 4-Blood Disorders

Question 1

What is the term for a decrease hemoglobin in blood resulting in inability to oxygenate tissue?

Answer 1

anemia

Question 2

What is the most common form of anemia?

Answer 2

iron deficiency

Question 3

Which type of iron deficiency anemia has an increased risk for ORAL and esophageal CARCINOMA in Scandinavians?

Answer 3

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

Question 4

Pernicious Anemia is the loss of ________ and therefore ______ cannot be absorbed.

Answer 4

intrinsic factor…vit B12 (cobalamine)

Question 5

What is a good example of either Hemoglobinopathy or hemolytic anemia?

Answer 5

Sickle Cell Anemia

Question 6

What are the two main ORAL findings in Sickle Cell Anemia?

Answer 6

1.Atrophic glossitis 2. Angular Chelitis

Question 7

What type of anemia usually displays these characteristics?? Glossodynia (pain), glossopyrosis (burning) atrophic “glossitis”, angular cheilitis, aphthous ulcers, candidiasis, loss of bone density

Answer 7

Sickle Cell Anemia

Question 8

What is an uncontrolled overproduction of RBCs? (AND often platelets and WBCs!)

Answer 8

Polycythemia Vera

Question 9

What happens to the blood in polycythemia vera? What are the ORAL findings?

Answer 9

Blood becomes viscous…Oral finding of Erythematous mucosa (lots of RBCs spreading out through the tissue)

Question 10

What really general symptom will patients typically present with when having any type of anemia?

Answer 10

sore mouth

Question 11

What is the term for a decrease in WBCs?

Answer 11

Leukopenia

Question 12

What are the two types of Leukopenias?

Answer 12

1.Agranulocytotis 2.Lymphopenia

Question 13

What are the two terms for a decrease in neutrophils?

Answer 13

1.AgranuloCytosis (neutropenia)-whats with all the names?!? i like the latter more

Question 14

What do these manifestations usually point to??? may be primary or secondary to another condition (ie. drugs) prone to bacterial infection, ragged non-healing oral ulceration

Answer 14

Agranulocytosis (neutropenia) ((a type of leukopenia)

Question 15

What is the term for a decrease in lymphocytes and what 2 types of infections are the patient most prone to?

Answer 15

Lymphopenia…prone to viral or fungal infections

Question 16

What is the term for an INCREASE in WBCs?

Answer 16

Leukocytosis

Question 17

What are the two ways a leukocytosis can occur?

Answer 17

1.physiologic (like an infection) 2.Leukemia

Question 18

What are the three types of leukemia?

Answer 18

1.Lymphocytic (making lymphomas) 2.myelogenous (making NEUTROPHILS again, why so many GODDAM names??) 3.Monocytic (making too many monocytes, still technically a myelogenous problem)

Question 19

What are the 2 primary ORAL manifestations for leukemia?

Answer 19

1.Diffuse gingival hyperplasia (the WBCs are just gathering in the area) 2. Radiolucency (more room needed for bone marrow, less bone in area)

Question 20

What are 2 secondary ORAL characteristics for leukemia?

Answer 20

1. Prone to infections (neutropenia or lymphopenia) 2.Bleeding (thrombocytopenia)

Question 21

What is the term for poverty of platelets?

Answer 21

ThrombocytoPenia

Question 22

What is considered Primay thrombocytopenia?

Answer 22

immune mediated

Question 23

What are two typical causes of Secondary thrombocytopenia?

Answer 23

1.drugs 2.leukemia

Question 24

Which condition are you likely to see bleeding; petechiae, ecchymosis, purport VERY COMMON to manifest around NECKS of the teeth??

Answer 24

Thrombocytopenia

Question 25

These are common findings of thrombocytopenia: _______ measure between 4 and 10 mm (millimeters) in diameter.

Answer 25

Purpura

Question 26

These are common findings of thrombocytopenia:When purpura spots are LESS than 4 mm in diameter, they are called _______.

Answer 26

petechiae

Question 27

These are common findings of thrombocytopenia: Purpura spots LARGER than 1 cm (centimeter) are called _________.

Answer 27

ecchymoses

Question 28

These are common findings of thrombocytopenia: Rank purpura, petechiae, and ecchymoses from larges to smallest...

Answer 28

Largest: ecchymoses...Med: purpura...Small: petechiae

Question 29

What is a very unofficial, but helpful distinguishing factor between the manifestations of thrombocytopenia and hemophilia?

Answer 29

thromb: more superficial bleeding...hemophilia: deeper bleeding

Question 30

I WONDER WHAT THIS COULD BE???? X-linked deficiency of clotting factor VIII deep bleeding, joints, internal organs

Answer 30

Hemophilia A

Question 31

Bells palsy is no longer idiopathic, most of the time it is caused by a ______ infection and thus it has the nickname of ________

Answer 31

viral...POSTVIRAL NEUROPATHY

Question 32

Bells Palsy has an abrupt onset, (unilateral OR bilateral??) presentation, and typically occurs in _______ age

Answer 32

unilateral....middle

Question 33

Can Bells Palsy be recovered from?

Answer 33

Yes, most have COMPLETE recovery!

Question 34

What is cheilitis granulomatosis, fissured tongue, facial paralysis (not Bells palsy)???

Answer 34

MEL-KER-SSON-ROSEN-THAL SYNDROME

Question 35

MEL-KER-SSON-ROSEN-THAL SYNDROME is characterized by _______ granulomatosis, _______ tongue, and _______ paralysis (not Bells palsy).

Answer 35

cheilitis...fissured... facial

Question 36

What is another name for Trigeminal Neuralgia?

Answer 36

Tic Doulour-eaux pain of the V CN

Question 37

What is the typical age for the presentation of Tic Douloureaux? At what age is a concern for something else?? WHAT IS THAT SOMETHING ELSE?

Answer 37

middle age (45-55)...those under 30 suspect MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS!!

Question 38

What is characterized by extremely acute, EXCRUCIATING pain, abrupt onset, follows "TRIGGER" zone manipulation lasts seconds to a minute, and is often unilateral?

Answer 38

Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)

Question 39

If a Trigeminal Neuralgia is not caused by a postural infection, it could be because of what?

Answer 39

anatomic abnormalities in the area of the ganglion

Question 40

75% of people with Trigeminal Neuralgia get relief from what type of drug? What is a brandname?

Answer 40

anticonvulsants (Tegretol)

Question 41

What are the treatment options for Trigeminal Neuralgia if an anticonvulsant drug is not working?

Answer 41

NeuroSurgery (gamma knife, etc)