Exam 4: Lecture 39: Bovine skull & eye anatomy Flashcards
(249 cards)
1
Q
What is indicated by 1?
A
Cornual process
2
Q
Why is the corneal process important to know?
A
-Important b/c will probably dehorn goats
3
Q
What is indicated by 2?
A
-Frontal bone
4
Q
What is indicated by 3?
A
-Orbit
5
Q
What is indicated by 4?
A
-Facial tubercle
6
Q
What is indicated by 5?
A
-Infraorbital foramen
7
Q
What is indicated by 6?
A
-Incisive bone
8
Q
What is indicated by 7?
A
-Pterygoid hamulus
9
Q
What is indicated by 8?
A
-Oval foramen
10
Q
What is indicated by 9?
A
-Hyoid apparatus
11
Q
What is indicated by 10?
A
-Occipital condyle
12
Q
What is indicated by 11?
A
-Paracondylar process
13
Q
What is indicated by 12?
A
-Tympanic bulla
14
Q
What is indicated by 13?
A
-External acoustic meatus
15
Q
What is indicated by 14?
A
-External occipital protuberance
16
Q
What is indicated by 15?
A
-Zygomatic arch
17
Q
What is indicated by 16?
A
-Parietal bone
18
Q
What is the major difference in bovine/caprine and equine skulls?
A
-Bovines/caprines have a cornual process
19
Q
What is the dental formula for caprine/bovine incisors?
A
0/4 (no incisors in the upper jaw)
20
Q
T/F: Caprine have upper incisors
A
FALSE!!
-Only lower incisors
21
Q
What do caprine use to eat since they only have upper incisors?
A
-When grasping material to eat, they compress it between the lower incisors and dental pad
22
Q
What is a dental pad?
A
-Gingival tissue with no teeth
23
Q
What is indicated by number 1?
A
-External occipital protuberance
24
Q
What is indicated by number 2?
A
-Palatine fissure
25
What is indicated by number 3?
-**Incisive bone**
26
What is indicated by number 4?
-Nasal bone
27
What is indicated by number 5?
-Infraorbital foramen
28
What is indicated by number 6?
-Facial tubercle
29
What is indicated by number 7?
-Frontomaxillolacrimal notch
30
What is indicated by number 8?
-Orbit
31
What is indicated by number 9?
-Supraorbital foramen
32
What is indicated by number 10?
-Cornual process
33
What is artiodactyl?
-Animals that bear weight on an even number of toes (either 2 or 4 toes)
34
What is perissodactyl?
-Animals that bear weight on an odd number of toes (either 1 or 3)
35
What is indicated by number 1?
-Occipital condyle
36
What is indicated by number 2?
-Foramen magnum
37
What is indicated by number 3?
-Jugular foramen
38
What is indicated by number 4?
-Styloid process
39
What is indicated by number 5?
-Muscular process
40
What is indicated by number 6?
-Pterygoid process
41
What is indicated by number 7?
-Optic canal
42
What is indicated by number 8?
-Maxillary foramen
43
What is indicated by number 9?
-Sphenopalatine foramen
44
What is indicated by number 10?
-Facial tubercle
45
What is indicated by number 11?
-**Palatine fissure**
46
What is indicated by number 12?
-**Incisive bone**
47
What is indicated by number 13?
-Hard palate
48
What is indicated by number 14?
-Major palatine foramen
49
What is indicated by number 15?
-Caudal palatine foramen
50
What is indicated by number 16?
-Vomer
51
What is indicated by number 17?
-Orbit
52
What is indicated by number 18?
-Foramen orbitorotundum
53
What is indicated by number 19?
-Zygomatic arch
54
What is indicated by number 20?
-Oval foramen
55
What is indicated by number 21?
-Tympanic bulla
56
What is indicated by number 22?
-External acoustic meatus
57
What is indicated by number 23?
-Paracondylar process
58
What is indicated by number 24?
-**Cornual process**
59
What type of teeth are caprine cheek teeth (premolar & molars)?
-Hypsodont type teeth
60
____ wears down slower than dentin
Enamel
61
How do caprines grind down their feed stuff?
-Teeth get worn down by eating different grasses that are abrasive, it wears down the dentin faster than enamel & forms ridges
-When they oppose the upper & lower arcades of teeth, they use these ridges as a grinding surface to chew & cut the plant material
62
What are the caprine incisors teeth type?
-Alanodont
63
What is indicated by number 1?
-Coronoid process
64
What is indicated by number 2?
-Mandibular notch
65
What is indicated by number 3?
-Condylar process
66
What is indicated by number 4?
-Mandibular foramen
67
What is indicated by number 5?
-Molars
68
What is indicated by number 6?
-Premolars
69
What is indicated by number 7?
-Canines
70
What is indicated by number 8?
-Incisors
71
What is indicated by number 9?
-Mental foramen
72
What is indicated by number 1?
-Mental foramen
73
What is indicated by number 2?
-Canines
74
What is indicated by number 3?
-Incisors
75
What is the age range of this goat?
Yearling - 2 year
76
What is the age range of this goat?
2 year - 3 year
77
What is the age range of this goat?
3 year - 4 year
78
What is the age range of this goat?
4 year - 5 year
79
What is different between bovine/caprine and horses/SA skulls?
-Bovine/caprine have horns
80
What is indicated by number 1?
-Intercornual protuberance
81
What is indicated by number 2?
-**Supraorbital foramen**
82
What is indicated by number 3?
-Incisive bone
83
What is indicated by number 4?
-Palatine process of incisive bone
84
What is indicated by number 5?
-Palatine fissure
85
What is indicated by number 6?
-Nasal bone
86
What is indicated by number 7?
-Facial tubercle
87
What is indicated by number 8?
-Orbit
88
What is indicated by number 9?
-External acoustic meatus
89
What is indicated by number 10?
-**cornual process**
90
What is indicated by number 1?
-Palatine process of incisive bone
91
What is indicated by number 2?
-**Palatine fissure**
92
What is indicated by number 3?
-**Incisive bone**
93
What is indicated by number 4?
-**Interincisive fissure**
94
What is indicated by number 1?
-**Cornual process**
95
What is indicated by number 2?
-Temporal line
96
What is indicated by number 3?
-Zygomatic arch
97
What is indicated by number 4?
-Orbit
98
What is indicated by number 5?
-Lacrimal bulla
99
What is indicated by number 6?
-Incisive bone
100
What is indicated by number 7?
-Nasal process
101
What is indicated by number 8?
-**Infraorbital foramen**
102
What is indicated by number 9?
-Facial tubercle
103
What is indicated by number 10?
-Pterygoid hamulus
104
What is indicated by number 11?
-Oval foramen
105
What is indicated by number 12?
-Tympanic bulla
106
What is indicated by number 13?
-Muscular process
107
What is indicated by number 14?
-Paracondylar process
108
What is indicated by number 15?
-Occipital condyle
109
What is indicated by number 16?
-External acoustic meatus
110
What is indicated by number 17?
-Temporal fossa
111
What is indicated by the blue arrow?
-**Supraorbital foramen**
112
What age range would you give this cow?
1.5 - 2 years
-Only 2 permanent incisors
113
What age range would you give this cow?
2 - 2.5 years
-Notice 2nd incisors are erupted
114
What age range would you give this cow?
3 years
-3rd incisor is erupted (4th still deciduous)
115
What age range would you give this cow?
4 years
-4th incisor is erupted, all teeth are permanent
116
What age range would you give this cow?
5 years
-All teeth are permanent and in wear
117
What age would you give this cow?
6 years
-1st incisor is level & has the neck emerged from the gums
118
What age would you give this cow?
7 years
-2nd incisor is level & has the neck emerged from the gums
119
What age would you give this cow?
8 years
-3rd incisor is level & has neck emerged from the gums.
-Central incisors, 2nd incisors & 3rd incisors all have the neck of the tooth emerging from the gum line
120
What age would you give this cow?
9 years
-4th incisor is level & has the neck emerged from the gums
121
What age would you give this cow?
15 years
-All teeth are missing or pegs
122
Rabbits have more premolars in the ___ jaw than the ___ jaw
More premolars in the upper jaw than the lower jaw
123
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 1? (Rabbit)
101
124
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 2?
102
125
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 3? (Rabbit)
106
126
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 4? (rabbit)
107
127
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 5? (Rabbit)
108
128
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 6? (Rabbit)
109
129
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 7? (rabbit)
110
130
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 8? (Rabbit)
111
131
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 9? (Rabbit)
411
132
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 10? (Rabbit)
410
133
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 11? (Rabbit)
409
134
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 12? (Rabbit)
408
135
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 13? (Rabbit)
407
136
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 14? (Rabbit)
201
137
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 15? (Rabbit)
202
138
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 16? (Rabbit)
206
139
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 17? (Rabbit)
207
140
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 18? (Rabbit)
208
141
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 19? (Rabbit)
209
142
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 20? (Rabbit)
210
143
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 21? (Rabbit)
211
144
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 22? (Rabbit)
311
145
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 23? (Rabbit)
310
146
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 24? (Rabbit)
309
147
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 25? (Rabbit)
308
148
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 26? (Rabbit)
307
149
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 27? (Rabbit)
401
150
What is the number of the tooth indicated by 28? (Rabbit)
301
151
What is indicated by 3?
-Caudal frontal sinus
152
What is indicated by 2?
-Rostral frontal sinus
153
What is indicated by 4?
-Dorsal concha sinus
154
What is indicated by the blue star?
-**Cornual diverticulum**
155
Where does the **cornual diverticulum** come off of?
-Comes off the caudal frontal sinus
156
Why is the **cornual diverticulum** important?
-B/c when dehorning an animal, you open this cornual diverticulum that goes into the caudal frontal sinus
-Can get parasites (especially flies) in there
157
Because of the risk of parasites getting into the caudal frontal sinus through the open cornual diverticulum when dehorning a bovine or caprine, what do vets prefer?
-Cauterization of horn base when caprine is young
-Dehorning in the winter months in order to avoid fly strike
158
What is indicated by number 1?
-Anterior cavity
159
What is indicated by number 2?
-Posterior chamber
160
What is indicated by number 3?
-Anterior chamber
161
What is indicated by number 4?
-Aqueous humor
162
What is indicated by number 5?
-Cornea
163
What is indicated by number 6?
-Suspensory ligament of the lens
164
What is indicated by number 7?
-Ciliary body
165
What is indicated by number 8?
-Inferior rectus m.
166
What is indicated by number 9?
-Posterior cavity (vitreous chamber)
167
What is indicated by number 10?
-Hyaloid canal
168
What is indicated by number 11?
-Optic disc
169
What is indicated by number 12?
-Optic n.
170
What is indicated by number 13?
-Macula
171
What is indicated by number 14?
-Fovea
172
What is indicated by number 15?
-Retina
173
What is indicated by number 16?
-Choroid
174
What is indicated by number 17?
-Sclera
175
What is indicated by number 18?
Superior rectus m.
176
Fluid in the eye moves from the posterior chamber through the _____ to the anterior chamber
pupil
177
What is indicated by number 1?
-Superior oblique m.
178
What is indicated by number 2?
-Inferior rectus m.
179
What is indicated by number 3?
-Interior oblique m.
180
What is indicated by number 4?
-Lateral rectus m.
181
What is indicated by number 5?
-Superior rectus m.
182
What is indicated by number 1?
-Superior rectus m.
183
What is indicated by number 2?
-Lateral rectus m.
184
What is indicated by number 3?
-Inferior oblique m.
185
What is indicated by number 4?
-Inferior rectus m.
186
What is indicated by number 5?
-Medial rectus m.
187
What is indicated by number 6?
-Superior oblique m.
188
What nerve innervates the inferior oblique m. of the eye & what does it do?
CN III
-Elevates & turns eye laterally
189
What nerve innervates the inferior rectus m. of the eye & what does it do?
CN III
-Pulls eye inferiorly
190
What nerve innervates the superior rectus m. & what does it do?
CN III
-Pulls eye superiorly
191
What nerve innervates the medial rectus m. & what does it do?
CN III
-Pulls eye medially
192
What nerve innervates the lateral rectus m. & what does it do?
CN VI
-Pulls eye laterally
193
What nerve innervates the superior oblique m. & what does it do?
CN IV
-Depresses & turns eye laterally
194
CN III =
Oculomotor n.
195
CN IV =
Trochlear n.
196
CN VI =
Abducens n.
197
The medical term for the right eye is
OD (Ocular Dexter)
198
The medical term for the left eye is
OS (Ocular Sinister)
199
The medical term for both eyes is
OU (Ocular Universal)
200
What is indicated by number 1?
-Conjunctiva
201
What is indicated by number 2?
-Lens
202
What is indicated by number 3?
-Cornea
203
What is indicated by number 4?
-Pupil
204
What is indicated by number 5?
-Iris
205
What is indicated by number 6?
-Ciliary body
206
What is indicated by number 7?
-Retina
207
What is indicated by number 8?
-**Tapetum lucidum**
208
What is indicated by number 9?
-Optic n.
209
What is indicated by number 10?
-Optic disc
210
What is indicated by number 11?
-Sclera
211
What is the function of the tapetum lucidum?
-Reflects light better & allows them to capture more light in their neural tissues
212
What is indicated by number 1?
-Cornea
213
What is indicated by number 2?
-Pupil
214
What is indicated by number 3?
-Iris
215
What is indicated by number 4?
-Sclera
216
What is indicated by number 5?
-Optic n.
217
What is indicated by number 6?
-Optic disc
218
What is indicated by number 7?
-Retina
219
What is indicated by number 8?
-Tapetum lucidum
220
What is indicated by number 1?
-Iris
221
What is indicated by number 2?
-Cornea
222
What is indicated by number 3?
-Lens
223
What is indicated by number 4?
-Lens
224
What is indicated by number 5?
-Vitrous humor
225
What is indicated by number 6?
-Sclera
226
What is indicated by number 7?
-Tapetum lucidum
227
What is indicated by number 8?
-Retina
228
What is indicated by number 1?
-Ciliary body
229
What is indicated by number 2?
-Choroid
230
What is indicated by number 3?
-Iris
231
What is indicated by number 4?
-Sclera
232
What is indicated by number 5?
-Cornea (through pupil)
233
What is indicated by number 6?
-Lens
234
What is indicated by number 7?
-Vitreous Body (jelly material)
235
What is indicated by number 1?
-Fibrous tunic
236
What is indicated by number 2?
-Vascular tunic
237
What is indicated by number 3?
-Nervous tunic
238
It is easy for the ___ tunic to pull away from the vascular tunic (ex: detached retinas)
nervous tunic
239
What is indicated by number 6?
-Limbus
240
What is important about the Limbus of the bovine eye?
-Place to give injections
-Between the sclera & cornea
241
Ruminants have a ____ shape to their pupil, and when there is a problem w/ the cranial nerves, there can be a tilt to the pupil
-Oval shape
242
What is number 3 on the bovine eye?
-**Iridic granule**
243
What is number 1?
-Iris
244
What is number 2?
-Pupil
245
What is number 4?
-Nictitating membrane
246
What is number 5?
-Conjunctiva
247
What is number 6?
-Puncta
248
What is the purpose of **iridic granules**?
-Used to shade the eye from bright sunlight
-Reduces the amount of light that can get into the eye
249
What animals have **iridic granules** in their eyes?
-Horses
-Cattle
-Sheep
