Exam 4: Lecture 40: Ruminant Head: Digestive & Respiratory System Flashcards by Matthew Irvin

Q

What is critical to remember when placing an ET tube in ruminants?

A

-You HAVE to go past the larynx & into the trachea
-Go dorsal to the epiglottis & medioventral to the arytenoids

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Q

What is the passage of air when ruminats are breathing starting from the nasal passage?

A

Nasal passage -> nasal cavity -> nasopharynx -> intrapharyngeal ostium -> larynx -> trachea (then into the lower respiratory tract)

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Q

Explain the route of food from oral cavity into the esophagus

A

Oral cavity -> oropharynx -> dorsal to epiglottis -> laryngopharynx -> esophagus

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Q

What is the route of passing an ET tube?

A

Oral cavity -> oropharynx -> over & above the epiglottis -> larynx -> trachea

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Q

If you can visualize the ET tube once placed, what should you see?

A

-ET tube on top of the epiglottis between the 2 arytenoids

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Q

What happens if the animal cannot close their arytenoids?

A

-You are prone to aspirate

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Q

What is indicated by number 1?

A

-Bony part of nasal septum

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Q

What is indicated by number 2?

A

-Cartilaginous part of nasal septum

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Q

What is indicated by number 3?

A

-Membranous part of nasal septum

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Q

What is indicated by number 4?

A

-Trachea

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Q

What is indicated by number 5?

A

-Esophagus

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Q

What is indicated by number 1?

A

-Ethmoid conchae

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Q

What is indicated by number 2?

A

-Middle conchae

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Q

What is indicated by number 3?

A

-Common meatus

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Q

What is indicated by number 4?

A

-Dorsal meatus

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Q

What is indicated by number 5?

A

-Dorsal conchae

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Q

What is indicated by number 6?

A

-Middle meatus

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Q

What is indicated by number 7?

A

-Ventral conchae

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Q

What is indicated by number 8?

A

-Ventral meatus

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Q

What is indicated by number 9?

A

-Straight fold

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Q

What is indicated by number 10?

A

-Nasolacrimal orifice

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Q

What is indicated by number 11?

A

-Alar fold

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Q

What is indicated by number 12?

A

-Nasal vestibule

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Q

What is indicated by number 13?

A

-Basal fold

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How many vomer bones are there in bovine?

-**ONE**

What important head bones are bilateral in bovine?

-Right & left Temporalis bone -Right & left orbit -Right & left lacrimal bone

How is the nasal cavity separated?

-Vomer bone right down the middle -Nasal cartilage dorsal to the vomer bone -> separates the 2 sides of the nasal cavity -Common meatus = lateral to the nasal cartilage

What is indicated by number 1?

-Pharyngeal orifice of auditory tube

What is indicated by number 2?

-**Pharyngeal septum**

What is indicated by number 3?

-**Soft palate**

What is indicated by number 4?

-**Sinus of palatine tonsil**

What is indicated by number 1?

-Cricoarytenoid ligament

What is indicated by number 2?

-Vocal ligament

What is H?

-Epiglottis

What is J?

-Arytenoid

What is K?

-Thyroid

What is K'?

-Rostral notch

What is K"?

-Laryngeal prominence

What is L?

-Cricoid

What is indicated by number 1?

-Cricoarytenoideus lateralis m.

What is indicated by number 2?

-Arytenoideus transversus m.

What is indicated by number 3?

-Thyroarytenoideus m.

What is indicated by number 4?

-**Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis m.**

What is indicated by number 5?

-Cricothyroideus m.

What is K?

-Thyroid

What is K'?

-Rostral notch

What is K"?

-Laryngeal prominence

What is J?

-Arytenoid

What is important about the **cricoarytenoideus dorsals m.**?

-Important for opening the pathway so they can breathe well! -When it contracts, it abducts & pulls the arytenoid open

The ____ part of the cricoid cartilage is thicker

dorsal

What is different in the bovine epiglottis vs. small animal?

-Dog & cat have a apex to the epiglottis and bovine do not

What is E?

-Epiglottis

What is J?

-Arytenoid

What is indicated by number 1?

-Epihyoid

What is indicated by number 2?

-Ceratohyoid

What is indicated by number 3?

-Basihyoid

What is indicated by number 4?

-**Lingual process**

What is indicated by number 5?

-Thyrohyoid

What is indicated by number 6?

-Stylohyoid

What is indicated by number 7?

-Angle of stylohyoid

What is indicated by number 8?

-Tympanohyoid

What is different between bovine & equine hyoid apparatus?

-Equine hyoid apparatus has a more prominent lingual process of the basihyoid bone

What is A?

-Sublingual caruncle

What is B?

-Frenulum

What is C?

-Filiform papillae

What is D?

-Foliate papillae

What is 15?

-Tongue apex

What is 18?

-Lingual fossa

What is 19?

-Torus

What is 21?

-Tongue base

What is 1?

-Soft palate

What is 2?

-Palatoglossal arch

What is 3?

-**Vallate papillae**

What is 4?

-**Filiform papillae**

What is 4'?

-**Lenticular papillae**

What is 4"?

-**Conical papillae**

What is 5?

-Lingual fossa

What is 6?

-Buccal papillae

What is 7?

-1st lower cheek teeth, premolar

What is 8?

-First lower molar, molar 1

What is indicated by number 1?

**Hyopharyngeus**

What is indicated by number 2?

-**Thyropharyngeus**

What is indicated by number 3?

-**Cricopharyngeus**

What is "j"?

-**Deep facial v.**

What is "m"?

-**Hyoglossus**

What is "p"?

-**Stylohyoideus**

What is "s"?

-**Sternohyoideus**

What is "t"?

-**Sternothyroideus**

Where can you take a pulse in a bovine?

-Facial v.

Where can you get blood samples from a bovine?

-Carotid a.

What do the **hyopharyngeus, thyropharyngeus, and cricopharyngeus muscles** do?

-Series of 3 muscles that help push ingest through the larynx and pharynx down to the esophagus

What is 9?

-Parotid salivary gland

What do you have to do to get to the bovine brain?

-Cut through frontal bone, go through the sinus, then cut the calvarium surrounding the brain

What is important about the brain being surrounded by a sinus before hitting the bone?

-The sinus helps absorb shock & prevent brain trauma

The horny sheath on the horn of bovines is made of

Keratin

The horn is intimately involved with what structure?

-The caudal frontal sinus

What is indicated by number 1?

-**Cornual process**

What is indicated by number 2?

-Caudal frontal sinus

What is indicated by the blue arrow?

-Cornual diverticulum (cornual sinus)

What do you call a bovine with no horns?

-Polled

What is indicated by the arrow?

-Calvarium around the brain

What is "J"?

-Diastema

What is 75?

-Mental foramen

What is 76?

-Body of the mandible

What is 77?

-Vascular groove

What is 78?

-Alveolar border

What is 77'?

-Vascular groove

Want is 74?

-Mandibular foramen

What is 83?

-Masseteric fossa

What is 84?

-Pterygoid fossa

What is 81?

-Angle of the mandible

What is 86?

-Head of mandible

What is 85?

-Condylar process

What is 88?

-Mandibular notch

What is 89?

-Coronoid process

Bovine incisor teeth are

Analonodont -Run out of tooth throughout life, don't continuously grow

What is 4?

-Dorsal meatus

What is 5?

-Dorsal concha

What is 6?

-Middle meatus

What is 3?

-Common meatus

What is 7?

-Ventral concha

What is 8?

-Ventral meatus

Why are the salivary glands important?

-B/c they produce saliva which helps start breaking down food

What is indicated by the blue arrow?

-**Mandibular gland**

What is indicated by number 1?

-**Dorsal buccal gland**

What is indicated by number 2?

-**Mental n.**

What is indicated by number 3?

-**Infraorbital n.**

What is indicated by number 4?

-**Parotid duct**

What is indicated by number 5?

-**Parotid gland** (Ventral to ear)

What is indicated by number 6?

-**Parotid lymph node**