Exam I review part 1 (embryo, histo, malformations)

Question 1

Name that HOMOLOGUE! Structure: Gonads…M?F?

Answer 1

Gonads: M-Testes F-Ovaries

Question 2

Name that HOMOLOGUE! Structure: Genital tubercle…M?F?

Answer 2

Genital tubercle: M-Penis F-Clitoris

Question 3

Name that HOMOLOGUE! Structure: Urethral/genital swellings…M? F?

Answer 3

Urethral/genital Swellings: M-Scrotum F-Labia Majora

Question 4

Name that HOMOLOGUE! Structure:Urethral folds…M?F?

Answer 4

Urethral folds: M- Spongy urethra F-Labia Minora

Question 5

Name that HOMOLOGUE! Structure: UroGential sinus M-Prostate F-?

Answer 5

Skeens glands

Question 6

Name that HOMOLOGUE! Structure: UroGenital sinus F- Bartholin’s glands..M?

Answer 6

Cowper’s glands

Question 7

Name that HOMOLOGUE! Structure: UroGenital sinus M-Bladder..F?

Answer 7

Bladder

Question 8

Name that HOMOLOGUE! Structure: UroGenital sinus M-Urethra F?

Answer 8

Urethra & Lower Vagina

Question 9

Name that HOMOLOGUE! Structure:Wolffian Duct M-Rete testis F?

Answer 9

Rete ovarii

Question 10

What are the 4 structures that develop from the Wolffian Duct in the male?

Answer 10

1.Rete Testis 2.Epididymis 3.Vas Deferens 4.Seminal Vesicles

Question 11

Name that HOMOLOGUE! Structure: Mullarian duct F-Fallopian tubes M?

Answer 11

Appendix Testis

Question 12

What are the 3 structures that develop from the Mullerian Duct in the Female?

Answer 12

1.Fallopian Tubes 2.Uterus 3.Upper Vagina

Question 13

Although the sex is determined genetically at the point of fertilization, the gonads do not acquire male or female characteristics until the _______ week of development.

Answer 13

7th week

Question 14

What does it mean if the SRY gene is present?

Answer 14

testis/ male development is established

Question 15

What happens if the SRY gene is absent?

Answer 15

Female development established

Question 16

What is the street name for the Mesonephric duct? Which sex is this going to develop in?

Answer 16

Mesonephric Duct = Wolffian Duct…Males

Question 17

What is the street name for the paramesonephric duct which gender does this develop in?

Answer 17

Para-meso-nephric duct = Mullerian duct…Females

Question 18

What are the structures that develop from the para-meso-nephric ducts?

Answer 18

1.Fallopian Tube Fimbria 2.Uterine canal (3.uterus 4.cervix and 5. vagina)

Question 19

What structure arises from the posterior UroGenital Sinus? What 2 structures arise from the anterior Urogenital Sinus?

Answer 19

Posterior UG sinus-Lower Vagina…..Anterior UG sinus- urinary bladder & urethra

Question 20

Contact of the urogenital sinus by the paramesonephric ducts induces formation of the _________.

Answer 20

sinovaginal bulbs

Question 21

Describe the migration of the primitive germ cells.. 1st part of 3…..The primitive germ cells begin as _______/______ cells in the wall of the _______ near the ________ and migrate along the mesentery of the _______.

Answer 21

MESENCHYMAL/STEM….YOLK SAC….ALLANTOIS….HINDGUT

Question 22

Describe the migration of the primitive germ cells.. Part 2 of 3: The primordial germ cells continue migration until they reach the _________ and penetrate into the primitive gonad by the _____ week.

Answer 22

gonadal ridges…6th week

Question 23

Describe the migration of primitive germ cells (Part 3 of 3) What they INSERT into!.. Before and during the arrival of the primordial germ cells, the overlying epithelium of the __________ proliferates and penetrates the underlying mesenchyme forming a number of ___________. Some of the primordial germ cells are surrounded by cells of the primitive sex cords.

Answer 23

genital ridge……primitive sex cords

Question 24

What structure develops from the production of the UG sinus and then the canalization of the UG sinus? (internal and external structures) DESCRIBE IN 3 STEPS

Answer 24

1. Sinovaginal Bulb —-> 2.Forms a column of tissue 3.Canalizes to form the upper 2/3 of the Vagina to the Hyman.

Question 25

The lower part of the vagina is formed from the?

Answer 25

posterior wall of the urogenital sinus

Question 26

The _________ is a collection of endoderm from the wall of the UroGenital Sinus.

Answer 26

SinoVaginal Bulbs

Question 27

What is DES? Why was it given?

Answer 27

Di-Ethyl-Stil-best-eril (DES) 'morning after pill'- 1940's 50's to keep a pregnancy going

Question 28

What does DES cause?

Answer 28

Vaginal Adenosis and increased risk to Clear Cell AdenoCarcinoma

Question 29

What condition refers to failure of the normal glandular epithelium that lines the embryonic vagina to be replaced by squamous epithelium during fetal development?

Answer 29

Vaginal Adenosis caused by DiEthylStilbesteril (DES)

Question 30

What condition manifests grossly as red, granular patches on the vaginal mucosa which usually disappear as the woman gets older.

Answer 30

Vaginal Adenosis (DES caused)

Question 31

In Vaginal Adenosis: microscopically, there is mucinous ________, similar to the endocervix, along with ciliated cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, similar to the lining cells of the fallopian tube and endometrium...The glandular cells ultimately undergo squamous ________.

Answer 31

columnar cells......metaplasia

Question 32

Where does Clear cell Adneocarcinoma due to DES most frequently develop?

Answer 32

the Anterior wall of the upper 1/3 of the Vagina

Question 33

What are the 3 manifestations of an imperforate hymen in the newborn? What color is the membrane most likely to be?

Answer 33

1. Mucocolpos-bulging hymenal membrane between the labia (WHITE membrane)...2.UTI 3.Bladder Obsrtuction

Question 34

What are the 3 complications of an imperforate hymen in an adolescent female?

Answer 34

1.HematoMetroColpos (menses backed up in uterus) 2.HematoSalpinx (reflux of menses to fallopiantubes) 3.Pyocolpos (infected material invaginal cavity-causing ascending genital tract infections

Question 35

What are the 3 clinical manifestations of an imperforate hymen in an adolescent female? What color is associated with this?

Answer 35

1. Amenorrhea 2.Lower ab/pelvic pain 3.Urinary retention/constapation...Bluish hymenal membrane (c/o collected menstrual blood) (hematocolpos)

Question 36

What is the possible result of an imperforate hymen causing hematosalpinx?

Answer 36

Secondary Endometriosis

Question 37

Histologically, what is vaginal adenosis and why do we get it? What does DES do again?

Answer 37

The glandular tissue does not get replaced by squamous epithelium! DES arrests this process!

Question 38

What part of the female genital tract would you expect to find fimbriae?

Answer 38

The Fallopian Tubes!

Question 39

What part of the female genital tract would you expect to find the vestibule?

Answer 39

The vulva!

Question 40

What part of the female genital tract would you expect to find Bartholin's glands?

Answer 40

The vulva!

Question 41

What part of the female genital tract would you expect to find Rugae?

Answer 41

The vagina!

Question 42

What part of the female genital tract would you expect to find the corpus luteum?

Answer 42

the ovaries!

Question 43

What part of the female genital tract would you expect to find the tunica albuginea?

Answer 43

the ovaries!

Question 44

What do the primitive sex cords develop into in the female reproductive tract? What do they become by the 4th month?

Answer 44

Cell clusters in the Outer, active surface epithelium...they surround the primitive germ cells (oogonia) and form FOLLICULAR cells