Exam II Review pt Two

Question 1

Which 3 tissues/organs will you find a PRIMARY choriocarcinoma? (NOT metastatic)

Answer 1

1.Ovaries, 2.Testies, 3.endometrium (c/o a pregnancy or an abortion)

Question 2

Which 3 tissues/organs will you find a METASTATIC choriocarcinoma?

Answer 2

1. Liver 2.Lungs 3.Bone

Question 3

Which hormone ‘elaborates’ in a choriocarcinoma to help with the diagnosis?

Answer 3

hCG

Question 4

What is another name for a dermoid cyst? What type of ovarian neoplasia is it?

Answer 4

A benign cystic TERA-TOMA…a Germ cell tumor

Question 5

What age range are you most likely to see a dermoid cyst?

Answer 5

women YOUNGER then 25 years of age

Question 6

What is the male homologue tumor that relates to the female Dys-germ-in-oma?

Answer 6

the male Semin-oma

Question 7

What makes up 1/2 of all malignant germ cell tumors?

Answer 7

Dys-germ-in-oma

Question 8

When do dysgerminoma’s usually occur?

Answer 8

Childhood (they are radiosensitive)

Question 9

What are the two homologue ovarian tumors mentioned? What are they homologous with?

Answer 9

1.Dysgerminoma-F & Seminoma-M 2.Endometrial Sinus Tumor-F & Yolk Sac tumor-M

Question 10

The most common GYN cancer overall is _________ cancer….BUT _______ GYN cancer causes the most deaths.

Answer 10

Endometrial=most common…..Ovarian=most deaths

Question 11

What are the 4 pairs of Surface Epithelial tumor type=Mimicked tissue?

Answer 11

1.Serous Tumors=Fallopian Tube Epithelium 2.Mucinous Tumors=Endocervial Epithelium 3.Endometriod tumors=Endometrial Glands 4.Brenner tumors= TRANSITIONAL epithelium

Question 12

What do we call the tumor that metastasizes FROM the G.I. Tract TO the Ovaries???

Answer 12

Kru-Ken-Berg Tumors

Question 13

What 2 things does a woman usually first have before she has the chance of getting an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 13

1.Chronic Salpingitis (p.i.d.) 2.Peritubual Adhesions (endometriosis, previous surgeries, leiomyomas)

Question 14

What is actually undergoing a hydropic degeneration in a hydatidiform mole?

Answer 14

the chorionic villi

Question 15

What is a placental abnormality marked by trophoblastic proliferation and hydropic degeneration of the chorionic villi?

Answer 15

a hydatidiform mole

Question 16

What is the most common form of a hydatidiform mole? Which chromosomes do not develop in this circumstance?

Answer 16

a complete mole…the maternal chromosomes are lost during fertilization

Question 17

What is Wharton’s Jelly?

Answer 17

Mucous Connective Tissue found in the umbilical cord

Question 18

The right and left umbilical arteries carry _________ blood from the fetus to the placenta.

Answer 18

deoxygenated

Question 19

The umbilical vein carries _________ blood from the placenta to the fetus.

Answer 19

oxygenated

Question 20

In the NORMAL umbilical cord..What are the 2 vessels, what is the 1 vessel?

Answer 20

2: R and L umbilical ARTERIES (the two eyes)……1:the umbilical vein (the mouth/smiley face!)

Question 21

What is found in nearly 18% of placentas and occurs most commonly in placentas from pregnancies prolonged beyond the 42nd week of gestation?

Answer 21

Meconium-Stained placentas

Question 22

What is thought to be related to acute fetal hypoxia and distress? (but this recently has been challenged)

Answer 22

Meconium-Stained placenta

Question 23

What is the major complication of thick meconium?

Answer 23

Aspiration causing a fetal chemical pneumonitis

Question 24

What is the decidua? What are its two main functions?

Answer 24

the thicker and more vascularized endometrial tissue ready for blastocyst implantation. 1.nutrition 2. implantation

Question 25

What is the abnormal placental implantation where the villi attach to the myometrium without further invasion?

Answer 25

Placenta Accreta

Question 26

What is the abnormal placental implantation where the villi invade into the underlying myometrium?

Answer 26

Placenta Increta

Question 27

What is the abnormal placental implantation where the villi penetrate into the full thickness of the uterine wall?

Answer 27

Placenta PerCreta

Question 28

What is the most common presenting sign of Placenta Accreta?

Answer 28

Bleeding in the third trimester

Question 29

What are the normal parameters of the placenta? (diameter and thickness in cm PLEASEEEE).. How much does it weigh? (in g and lbs PLEASEEEE)

Answer 29

22-24 cm in diameter and 2.5-3.0 cm thick....weighs 500g (1 lb)

Question 30

What are the normal parameters of the umbilical cord? (diameter and length in cm PLEASEEE)

Answer 30

1-2 cm in diameter and 50-60cm long

Question 31

What are the normal parameters of the amniotic fluid?...I mean, 1. What is the volume of amniotic fluid @ birth? 2. What is the daily water exchange rate (in mL/hr) AND 3.At term, how much amniotic fluid is ingested and how much is excreted (in mL/day)?

Answer 31

1. ~1 L........ 2. 500mL/hr .......... 3. 400mL/day in and 500mL/day out

Question 32

What are the 3 hormones of the placenta?

Answer 32

1.Estrone, 2.Estradiol (most potent), and 3. Estriol

Question 33

Where would I expect to find cotyledons?

Answer 33

on the MATERNAL side of the placenta (think SUCKTION CUP!)

Question 34

FOR the FREGGIN 5th time!!!! What is the growth hormone for the fetus?????

Answer 34

HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTO-GEN (hPL)

Question 35

Which placental variation am I? The fetal membranes present as a thick ring, rolled and raised over the fetal surface instead of at the edge of the placenta.

Answer 35

CircumVallate Placenta

Question 36

Which placental variation am I? The presence of one or many extra lobes of placental tissue near the main placenta, usually linked by thin chorionic tissue. (about 1 in 600 placentas)

Answer 36

Accessory (Succenturiate) Lobes (cotyledons)

Question 37

What is the condition where numerous small, gray or yellow nodules on the fetal surface which may be associated with Oligohydramnios and renal agenesis (Potters Syndrome)?

Answer 37

Amnion NO-DO-SA

Question 38

AGAIN! What is the major complication of a THICK meconium?

Answer 38

Aspiration causing a fatal chemical PNEUMONITIS

Question 39

What is infection and inflammation of the placental amnion, chorion, and extraplacental membranes?

Answer 39

Chorio-amnion-itis

Question 40

What is the main cause of ChorioAmnionItis?

Answer 40

PROM (Premature Ruptre of the Amniochorionic Membranes)

Question 41

What are the 3 species and their subcategories that have been associated with ChorioAmnionitits?

Answer 41

1.gential Mycoplasma (M. Hominis, U. Urealyticum).......2. anaerobic (Bacteriodes)..........3.aerobic (1.group B streptococcus, 2. E. Coli 3. Gardinella Vainalis)

Question 42

What is infection of the umbilical cord?

Answer 42

FUN-is-itis